圆锥形零件冲压成形皱曲破裂成形极限的变化规律性

由外皱曲模型给出外不皱曲判据,依据它可计算出防外皱曲最小压边力的大小,作为防外皱曲的极限判据。由内皱曲模型给出内不皱曲判据,依据它可计算出防内皱曲最小压边力的大小,作为防内皱曲的极限判据。由破裂模型给出不破裂判据,依据它可计算出最大压边力的大小,作为防破裂的极限判据。结合上述外不皱曲判据、内不皱曲判据和不破裂判据,给出圆锥形零件冲压成形的成形判据和圆锥形零件冲压成形皱曲破裂成形极限的变化规律性。它们是材料参数M(n,r,σb,K,E)、设计参数D(D0,δ0,m,Kd,rd)和过程参数P(fb,fd,fα,η)的函数。     

筒形件无压边圈拉深工艺参数优化设计

通过对筒形件极限拉深系数的影响因素进行分析 ,确定合适的凸凹模圆角半径是提高拉深件质量的重要途径 ,将塑性理论和优化算法相结合 ,以筒形件达到最小的极限拉深系数为优化目标 ,对筒形件无压边圈拉深工艺参数优化设计进行了研究。并且通过具体算例证明了所采用的优化模型及算法是有效的     

薄壁管无芯推压缩径过程的应力应变分析

薄壁管无芯推压缩径成形过程比薄壁管拉拔成形过程复杂得多,迄今很少有这方面的文献报道。本文首次根据主应力法,比较详细地推导了薄壁管无芯推压过程的应力分布和壁厚变化的计算公式,并给出了计算实例。     

Effect of organophosphorus pesticide pollution on soil animals

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Company engagement with supply chains to protect biodiversity and rare,threatened, and endangered species

Future global megatrends project a population increase of 2 billion people between 2019 and 2050 and at least 1–2 billion people added to the global middle class between 2016 and 2030. In addition, 68% of the world's population is projected to be living in urban areas by 2050. With these projected large population increases and shifts, demand for food, water, and energy is projected to grow by approximately 35, 40, and 50%, respectively, between 2010 and 2030. In addition, between 1970 and 2014 there was an estimated 60% reduction in the number of wildlife in the world and an estimated net loss of 2.9 billion birds, or 29%, in North America between 1970 and 2018. Loss of species populations and number of species is interconnected with reduced health of biodiversity and ecosystems. Human activity has been the main catalyst for these substantial declines primarily through impacts on habitats. These losses are accelerating. Since a company's supply chain environmental impacts are often as great or greater than its own direct environmental impacts, it may be prudent for companies to engage with their supply chains to protect and enhance habitats and biodiversity and protect rare, threatened, and endangered species. As one example, companies may have opportunities and strategic reasons to include requirements in their supplier codes of conduct and supplier standards for suppliers to protect biodiversity and rare, threatened, and endangered species, as well as additional requirements to expand or enhance habitats and ecosystems to increase biodiversity. This article follows one pathway that companies could pursue further and with greater speed—to engage with their supply chains to strengthen supplier codes of conduct to protect biodiversity and rare, threatened, and endangered species. The importance of forests, private land, and landscape partnerships is discussed as means to protect much more of the planet's biodiversity and rare, threatened, and endangered species. Lastly, the article identifies examples of opportunities for companies to more formally incorporate biodiversity into their business, supply chain, and sustainability strategies.     

基于颗粒流数值方法的岩石压剪破坏细观特征研究

压剪破坏是影响岩体工程安全的主要因素,基于颗粒流程序的伺服控制原理,采用等效晶质模型模拟了粉砂质板岩的压剪破坏过程,通过与室内试验对比验证了其适用性,并从细观角度揭示了岩石在压剪过程中的破坏机理。结果表明:裂纹增长速率与试件压剪过程中经历的弹性、塑性和破坏3个阶段具有相关性;张拉、剪切裂纹呈同步增长趋势,但峰后张拉裂纹增长速率快于剪切裂纹,即试件峰后以张拉破坏为主;随剪切角增大,由沿晶和穿晶断裂向以沿晶断裂为主转变,裂纹数量减小且扩展方向向断裂面集中;穿晶断裂的扩展更容易导致局部失稳,即在宏观上表现为塑性阶段;穿晶裂纹主要沿断裂面扩展、贯通,一定程度上可以抑制断裂面附近较大破裂块体的产生。     

Scaling down the “Netherlands Fallacy”: a local-level quantitative study of the effect of affluence on the carbon footprint across the United States

Much quantitative research examining the determinants of the ecological footprint has been conducted cross-nationally, where data on cross-boundary flows have been readily available. While local-level studies of the footprint do exist for specific localities, most quantitative research at this scale has examined direct environmental impacts attributed to the internal activities of the locality, for instance, carbon emissions. Our analysis builds on this previous work by exploiting a local-level carbon footprint dataset with coverage for 28,321 zip codes across the United States. Following prior research, we focus on the effect of local affluence, measured in terms of median household income. In spatial regression models, we regress the per capita carbon footprint on local affluence, controlling for a variety of other factors. Consistent with previous work, we find that affluence is positively correlated the carbon footprint and there is no evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve. In the conclusion, we review the results of the study and discuss their implications for policy, specifically in terms of cross-boundary environmental problems.     

Leak location of pipelines based on characteristic entropy

The leakage of oil/gas pipelines is one of the major factors to influence the safe operation of pipelines. So it is significant to detect and locate the exact pipeline leakage. A novel leak location method based on characteristic entropy is proposed to extract the input feature vectors. In this approach, the combination of wavelet packet and information entropy is called “wavelet packet characteristic entropy” (WP-CE). The combination of empirical mode decomposition and information entropy is called “empirical mode decomposition characteristic entropy” (EMD-CE). Both pressure signal and flow signal of low noise and high noise of pipeline leakage are decomposed to extract the characteristic entropy. The location of pipeline leak is determined by the combination of the characteristic entropy as the input vector and particle swarm optimization and support vector machine method (PSO-SVM). The results of proposed leak location method are compared with those of PSO-SVM based on physical parameters. Under the condition of high noise, the results of proposed leak location method are better than those of PSO-SVM based on physical parameters.     

火灾引发超高层建筑非连续倒塌模拟研究

为了解超高层建筑发生火灾后变形特征及失稳后的非连续坍塌过程,掌握引起变形和坍塌的原因,将三维颗粒流软件(PFC3D)作为模拟平台,设置核心筒-框架结构的超高层建筑火灾区域,并模拟坍塌过程。在考虑钢筋和混凝土共同作用结果的基础上,提出火灾区域中构件属性设置方法及模拟步骤。分析得到造成建筑结构摆动的3种原因,一是火区位置不同导致上部结构对火区的压力不同,二是火区位置不同导致结构受到的约束不同,三是受热膨胀性使构件产生不同程度变形。结果表明:燃烧温度为500℃,3 h后建筑发生摆动,表现出对火区位置和燃烧时间敏感的特征。1 000℃下1 h内,建筑物首先发生破坏的是梁构件,然后是承重柱。即建筑一旦进入结构破坏阶段,坍塌将是迅速且不可逆的。     

水污染源解析技术与应用研究进展

阐述了水污染源解析的概念,将水污染源解析方法归纳总结为基于污染负荷估算的方法、基于污染潜力指数的方法及基于源受体污染物特征的方法 3种类型,并分别概述了各种方法的特点,综述了国内外水污染源解析研究的类型与应用进展。最后指出了我国水污染源解析研究在基础资料、研究对象及方法上存在的问题,提出了未来的研究重点。