对军工电子产品环境试验的几点思考

本文从军工电子产品环境试验出发,介绍了环境试验的三种形式,分另4从四个方面阐述了环境试验与可靠性试验和环境应力筛选试验之间的区别和联系,并对环境试验中个试验项目顺序的选择进行了讨论,最后推荐了在军工电子产品定型试验和批次产品验收试验时的环境试验的项目顺序。     

浅议环境经济手段在我国的应用

随着经济的快速发展，环境污染问题成为制约我国经济进一步发展的瓶颈之一，严重地阻碍着我国经济与社会可持续发展战略的实施。指出了环境污染问题的特征，分析了以行政干预为主的方法本身所造成的缺陷，提出必须运用适当的环境经济手段来促进环保事业的发展。同时提出了选择环境经济手段的思路，并对其理论渊源、现状和前景等方面进行了分析。     

欧美农药环境降解动力学评估方法比较

农药在环境中的降解行为是评估农药环境安全性的基础,农药的降解动力学通常以一级动力学模型描述。现有的环境暴露模型也均需要输入一级动力学模型的农药在土壤中50%消失时间(DT50)。但有时一级动力学模型不适用于描述农药在环境中,特别是土壤中的降解。因此欧盟和北美自由贸易区已发布了一系列关于使用非一级动力学模型计算DT50的导则。介绍了欧美降解动力学评估方法,并用多组降解数据比较了2种评估方法的区别。     

阶段流入式多级A/O生物脱氮工艺设计及应用

阐述了阶段流入式多级A/O生物脱氮工艺的原理和特点。结合国内外的设计、运行经验,对脱氮率、反应器级数、配水比、各级容积比、污泥回流比等工艺参数的设计计算进行探讨。在此基础上,对该工艺在我国首个应用案例(设计水量2万m3/d,出水达到GB18918-2002一级A标准)的工艺设计进行简要介绍,为该工艺的推广应用提供了依据。     

Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-C3N4/Bi-TiO2 floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa

• Bi doping in TiO₂ enhanced the separation of photo-generated electron-hole. • The performance of photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR was improved. • Coexisting substances have no influence on algal removal performance. • The key reactive oxygen species were h⁺ and ^•OH in the photocatalytic process. The increase in occurrence and severity of cyanobacteria blooms is causing increasing concern; moreover, human and animal health is affected by the toxic effects of Microcystin-LR released into the water. In this paper, a floating photocatalyst for the photocatalytic inactivation of the harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was prepared using a simple sol-gel method, i.e., coating g-C₃N₄ coupled with Bi-doped TiO₂ on Al₂O₃-modified expanded perlite (CBTA for short). The impact of different molar ratios of Bi/Ti on CBTA was considered. The results indicated that Bi doping in TiO₂ inhibited photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination. With 6 h of visible light illumination, 75.9% of M. aeruginosa (initial concentration= 2.7 × 10⁶ cells/L) and 83.7% of Microcystin-LR (initial concentration= 100 μg/L) could be removed with the addition of 2 g/L CBTA-1% (i.e., Bi/Ti molar ratio= 1%). The key reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the photocatalytic inactivation process are h⁺ and ^•OH. The induction of the Bi⁴⁺/Bi³⁺ species by the incorporation of Bi could narrow the bandgap of TiO₂, trap electrons, and enhance the stability of CBTA-1% in the solutions with coexisting environmental substances.     

S-TE污泥溶解过程中主要固形物质的变化及动力学分析

筛选出一株能分泌胞外酶、促进污泥溶解的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌Bacillus stearothermophilus sp.AT06-2,将AT06-2培养液接种入不同浓度(TSS约为7、14和21 g·L-1)的剩余污泥,于60℃进行嗜热菌溶解试验,并与未接种试验进行对比.结果表明,接种后TSS和VSS溶解率都得到提高60h后接种试验VSS溶解率分别达到58.76%、50.17%和39.38%,而未接种试验VSS溶解率仅为34.00%、28.63%和25.22%.在固形物质溶解机理方面,VSS的溶解主要受酶催化效应和热水解效应的影响,TSS的溶解减量取决于VSS和FSS的组成比例.VSS溶解在初始阶段(t=3d)符合准一级反应动力学模型,接种后溶解速率常数Kd显著提高,分别从未接种的0.14 d-1,0.10 d-1、0.10 d-1相应提高到接种条件下的0.30 d-1、0.23 d-1和0.16 d-1.     

Symmetrizing cathode-anode response to speed up charging of nanoporous supercapacitors

Asymmetric behaviors of capacitance and charging dynamics in the cathode and anode are general for nanoporous supercapacitors. Understanding this behavior is essential for the optimal design of supercapacitors. Herein, we perform constant-potential molecular dynamics simulations to reveal asymmetric features of porous supercapacitors and their effects on capacitance and charging dynamics. Our simulations show that, counterintuitively, charging dynamics can be fast in pores providing slow ion dif...     

应用逼近于理想解的排序法优选环境监测点位的研究

尝试应用逼近于理想解的排序法进行环境监测点位的研究,证明此法具有简便、易行、实用性和科学性较强的特点.     

Synthesis of CuO nanoparticles through green route using Citrus limon juice and its application as nanosorbent for Cr(VI) remediation: Process optimization with RSM and ANN-GA based model

In present investigation, an attempt has been made for the synthesis of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) through a green route by utilizing lemon juice extract as a bioreductant. The synthesized CuONPs were characterized through UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CuONPs were utilized for Cr(VI) removal from water through adsorption method in batch mode at different initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH, temperature and CuONPs dosage. The maximum uptake capacity of CuONPs was found to be 16.63 mg of Cr(VI)/g at pH 4.0. Implementation of response surface methodology (RSM) followed by artificial neural network hybridized with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) approach has resulted maximum Cr(VI) adsorption of 98.8% under the optimized conditions of initial metal concentration 22.5 mg/L, pH 3.81, CuONPs dose 1.28 g/L and temperature 37.1 °C. Under optimum conditions, adsorption isotherm study was conducted, which showed that the fitness of experimental data was well achieved with Langmuir isotherm model illustrating monolayer pattern of adsorption. Thermodynamic study revealed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature, while adsorption kinetics was best explained by pseudo-second order kinetic model.