论行政机关提起的生态环境损害赔偿之法律范畴与路径

行政机关提起的生态环境损害赔偿之法律范畴与路径是生态环境损害赔偿立法时需要解决的两个核心问题。我国目前将生态环境损害赔偿定位为民事范畴,该定位一定程度上违背了行政责任与民事责任的界分。本文从生态环境的属性切入,得出在公私法二分语境下,生态环境损害赔偿宜纳入行政法范畴的结论;其次,通过对比美国与欧盟的做法,展开行政法视角下强制性与非强制性二元路径的探讨。本文认为,我国可借鉴美国的做法,在未来立法时采用二元路径:违法排放污染物质需要清除的,行政机关可依法责令清除污染,或采用执法和解方式与责任人达成一致;生态环境服务功能损失的恢复则不宜采用强制性命令,行政机关可与责任人进行和解。     

Evaluation of the International Vehicle Emission （IVE） model with on-road remote sensing measurements

Intemational Vehicle Emissions （IVE） model funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） is designed to estimate emissions from motor vehicles in developing countries. In this study, the IVE model was evaluated by utilizing a dataset available from the remote sensing measurements on a large number of vehicles at five different sites in Hangzhou, China, in 2004 and 2005. Average fuel-based emission factors derived from the remote sensing measurements were compared with corresponding emission factors derived from IVE calculations for urban, hot stabilized condition. The results show a good agreement between the two methods for gasoline passenger cars＇ HC emission for all 1VE subsectors and technology classes. In the case of CO emissions, the modeled results were reasonably good, although systematically underestimate the emissions by almost 12%-50% for different technology classes. However, the model totally overestimated NOx emissions. The IVE NOx emission factors were 1.5-3.5 times of the remote sensing measured ones. The IVE model was also evaluated for light duty gasoline truck, heavy duty gasoline vehicles and motor cycles. A notable result was observed that the decrease in emissions from technology class State II to State I were overestimated by the IVE model compared to remote sensing measurements for all the three pollutants. Finally, in order to improve emission estimation, the adjusted base emission factors from local studies are strongly recommended to be used in the IVE model.     

关于DPD光度法测游离氯操作步骤的几点分析

对N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺(DPD)分光光度法测游离氯的3个较权威的版本的操作步骤在显色效果、显色物稳定性、标准曲线和实测样品结果方面进行了对比,对<水质游离氯和总氯的测定N,N-二乙基-1,4-苯二胺分光光度法>(GB 11898-1989)操作步骤提出了一点改进建议.