开展环评招投标 规范环评市场秩序

分析环评市场现状--利益扭曲、鱼龙混杂、机制不健全,借证环评、转包环评等现象时有发生,并论述其对环评质量所造成的危害,提出成立环评招投标机构,开展环评招投标,促进环评市场的健康发展,为环评质量的提高提供有力保证。     

近平衡状态海水中方解石溶解-沉淀速率及动力学研究

本文利用free-drift开放反应系统,在恒压力(1atm)、恒温度(25.0±0.2℃)环境下,研究海水中近溶解、沉淀平衡状态时二氧化碳分压(pCO2)的变化对方解石溶解、沉淀速率及其动力学方程的影响。研究结果表明:溶解速率相对于碳酸盐碱度(Ac)或饱和度(Ω)变化的敏感度要高于沉淀速率;Ac或Ω相同时,pCO2越高,溶解速率越高,而沉淀速率越低;方解石的溶解过程可分为pCO2欠平衡、平衡两个阶段,当Ω>0.8时反应液pCO2平衡,方解石的溶解反应级数介于8～9之间;沉淀反应级数介于2.4～2.6之间,且反应液pCO2的改变对沉淀反应级数的影响不明显。     

小清河沿岸地下水中有机污染物优先排序的研究

提出了对区域性有机污染物优先排序和风险分类的定量评价方法———密切值法。该方法以反映污染物的毒性、暴露水平和化学性质的6项参数为指标,对小清河沿岸地下水中的有机污染物进行了优先排序和风险分类。      

用参评因子动态排序法评价环境综合质量

评价环境综合质量常用的方法是计算加权平均的综合指数,其中权重的确定又多用层次分析法（AHP）。设计以实际监测数据为依据计算两个参数yi1和yi2,并据此对各因子进行分类并排序,由此可定性确定各因子对环境总体污染的相对重要性,并判识环境污染中的关键因子、预警因子、趋好转的因子及可不必特别关注的因子;为定量确定各因子在综合评价中的权重,再依排序位次对其赋值,然后利用所赋之值进行因子间的两两比较以克服AHP法一般应用中因各人掌握标准有异而造成比较结果的不确定性,使权重确定完全建立在监测数据的客观基础上。此外,因环境污染状况随时空改变,若需对不同时段或不同区域的环境综合质量进行评价,给各因子赋予不变的权重显然不妥,而用上述思路和方法可依据实测值的差别对不同时段或不同区域的环境评价因子进行有根据的差异排序,然后再用AHP法定权,这就使不同时空环境质量的比较更为客观合理。     

浓度效应对卡马西平在生物炭上的吸附动力学影响

为了解人工合成药物在生物炭上的吸附动力学特征及其浓度效应的影响,选择卡马西平(CBZ)为目标污染物。探讨不同初始质量浓度(2、4、25、50 mg·L~(-1))在不同裂解温度(200、300、500℃)下制备的生物炭上的吸附动力学特征。结果表明,双室一级动力学模型可以精确地描述CBZ在生物炭上的吸附动力学特征。CBZ的快室吸附对总体吸附的贡献随初始浓度的增大而减小,而慢室吸附贡献则增大。π-π作用可能对CBZ的吸附贡献较大。孔隙填充可以描述慢室吸附过程,可能是吸附速率的控制环节。     

基于非结构模糊决策支持系统的建筑施工安全管理体系研究

基于建筑施工特点和前人的研究,确定建筑施工的安全管理要素及决策准则。运用非结构模糊决策支持系统确定建筑施工安全管理体系中各要素的权重,从而对各要素进行优先级排序。研究结果表明:建筑施工安全管理体系中各要素优先级排序为事故隐患排查与治理、现场监督、安全宣传、各级管理人员参与、安全教育培训、安全审查、建立健全安全政策。该研究为建筑企业进行资源优化配置提供了重要的依据。     

综合关联分析在火灾分析中的应用

应用灰色综合关联分析理论,以1994年至1998年中国火灾成因及后果的统计数据为样本,选取了造成火灾的5种原因,分别以事故起数、死亡人数、直接经济损失为系统特征,对系统进行了综合关联分析和优势分析,为掌握火灾发生规律及进行火灾预防等提供了依据.     

Charge‐transfer chromatographic study of the interaction of commercial pesticides with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin

The interaction between 33 commercial pesticides with hydroxypropyI‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPBCD) was studied by charge‐transfer reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography using aqueous sodium chloride solutions as eluents. Each pesticide interacted with HPBCD, their lipophilicity linearly decreased with increasing HPBCD concentration, the pesticide ‐ HPBCD complex (probably inclusion complex) always being more hydrophilic than the uncomplexed pesticide. In many cases the retention of pesticide increased with increasing concentration of salt in the eluent. This effect can be tentatively explained by the suppression of the dissociation of the polar groups in the solute molecules resulting in increased apparent lipophilicity. No significant correlation was found between lipophilicity and complex stability or between salting‐out effect and lipophilicity, that is other than hydrophobic forces are involved in the pesticide ‐ HPBCD interaction.     

Characterization of Storm Flow Dynamics of Headwater Streams in the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain1

Epps, Thomas H., Daniel R. Hitchcock, Anand D. Jayakaran, Drake R. Loflin, Thomas M. Williams, and Devendra M. Amatya, 2012. Characterization of Storm Flow Dynamics of Headwater Streams in the South Carolina Lower Coastal Plain. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐14. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12000 Abstract: Hydrologic monitoring was conducted in two first‐order lower coastal plain watersheds in South Carolina, United States, a region with increasing growth and land use change. Storm events over a three‐year period were analyzed for direct runoff coefficients (ROC) and the total storm response (TSR) as percent rainfall. ROC calculations utilized an empirical hydrograph separation method that partitioned total streamflow into sustained base flow and direct runoff components. ROC ratios ranged from 0 to 0.32 on the Upper Debidue Creek (UDC) watershed and 0 to 0.57 on Watershed 80 (WS80); TSR results ranged from 0 to 0.93 at UDC and 0.01 to 0.74 at WS80. Variability in event runoff generation was attributed to seasonal trends in water table elevation fluctuation as regulated by evapotranspiration. Groundwater elevation breakpoints for each watershed were identified based on antecedent water table elevation, streamflow, ROCs, and TSRs. These thresholds represent the groundwater elevation above which event runoff generation increased sharply in response to rainfall. For effective coastal land use decision making, baseline watershed hydrology must be understood to serve as a benchmark for management goals, based on both seasonal and event‐based surface and groundwater interactions.     

Curve Number Derivation for Watersheds Draining Two Headwater Streams in Lower Coastal Plain South Carolina,USA

The objective of this study was to assess curve number (CN) values derived for two forested headwater catchments in the Lower Coastal Plain (LCP) of South Carolina using a three‐year period of storm event rainfall and runoff data in comparison with results obtained from CN method calculations. Derived CNs from rainfall/runoff pairs ranged from 46 to 90 for the Upper Debidue Creek (UDC) watershed and from 42 to 89 for the Watershed 80 (WS80). However, runoff generation from storm events was strongly related to water table elevation, where seasonally variable evapotranspirative wet and dry moisture conditions persist. Seasonal water table fluctuation is independent of, but can be compounded by, wet conditions that occur as a result of prior storm events, further complicating flow prediction. Runoff predictions for LCP first‐order watersheds do not compare closely to measured flow under the average moisture condition normally associated with the CN method. In this study, however, results show improvement in flow predictions using CNs adjusted for antecedent runoff conditions and based on water table position. These results indicate that adaptations of CN model parameters are required for reliable flow predictions for these LCP catchments with shallow water tables. Low gradient topography and shallow water table characteristics of LCP watersheds allow for unique hydrologic conditions that must be assessed and managed differently than higher gradient watersheds.