废水中氨氮的去除与利用

化学沉淀剂可去除废水中的氨氮，并得到有用复合肥ＭｇＮＨ４ＰＯ４。探讨了诸反应对氨氮去除率的影响。     

化工园区地下水环境状况调查监测布点研究

借鉴环境风险源目标管理的理念,按照“分区、分类、分级”监测的原则,建立了化工园区地下水环境状况调查监测布点方法体系,并以某化工园区为示例展开应用研究。结果显示,该方法能对化工园区不同区域、不同类型、不同级别的地下水污染源构建差异化监测网络,解决化工园区地下水污染多元化监测布点问题,可为化工园区地下水环境状况调查监测布点方案的拟定或优化调整提供工作参考。     

煤矸石风化物不同粒级中重金属镉含量及其形态变化

对抚顺西露天矿煤矸石山表层煤矸石风化母岩进行多点取样,风化物筛分成>2 mm、2～0.25 mm和<0.25 mm等3个粒级,分析测定了矸石山表层母岩及其风化物不同粒级中Cd含量及其形态变化特征.结果表明:煤矸石母岩及其风化物中cd含量超过土壤环境质量2级标准,页岩、泥岩及其风化物pH值7.2～8.6,但燃后泥岩pH值4.9.碳质页岩2～0.25 mm粒级风化物中Cd损失最多,为73.6%;<0.25 mm细粒级Cd损失较少,为17.0%,这与细颗粒的表面吸附作用有关;泥岩及其各粒级风化物Cd元素不易损失,其Cd含量变化也相对较小;但燃后泥岩风化物中的Cd较容易损失.煤矸石风化物各样品类型中的Cd均以残渣态为主,可还原态和弱酸可提取态所占比例次之,可氧化态所占比例最小.弱酸可提取态Cd在细颗粒风化物中所占比例较高.     

Pheromone-based female mate choice and its effect on reproductive investment in a spitting spider

Numerous studies have focused on whether organisms can signal or perceive pheromones and use chemical signals in species and mate recognition. Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies investigating whether pheromones are used in mate choice. Yet, little attention has been paid in exploring the effects of pheromone-based mate choice on reproductive investment. We first tested this hypothesis by providing virgin Scytodes sp. females with a choice between two virgin males in the presence of chemical signals alone and found strong evidence of an odor-based mate preference. We then examined the consequences of the odor-based mate choice by allowing female Scytodes sp. that had previously made an odor-only mate choice to mate with preferred and non-preferred males, respectively. We measured the success of copulation, mortality of male, pre-oviposition interval, egg-sac weight, egg weight, fecundity, fertility, embryonic period, and size of offspring at hatching. Females that mated with the preferred males produced significantly heavier egg sacs that contained more and larger eggs with a greater fertility. Significantly more non-preferred males than preferred males were killed by spitting. However, pre-oviposition interval, embryonic period, and hatchling size were not affected by female mate choice. This study is the first to demonstrate that female spiders are able to regulate their highly valuable reproductive investment based solely on chemical signals.     

(Z)-Dodec-3-en-1-ol, a common major component of the trail-following pheromone in the termites Kalotermitidae

(Z)-Dodec-3-en-1-ol has been identified as the major component of the trail-following pheromone of nine species of Kalotermitidae belonging to six different genera, suggesting that this compound represents a common signal in this family of termites. The homogeneous nature of trail-following pheromones of Kalotermitidae well agrees with the monophyly of this family. It also supports the postulated position of this family as a sister group of the Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae, which also secrete C12-alcohols as trail-following pheromones. The significance of a trail pheromone in termites of the ‘one-piece’ life type, which spend their whole life within the same piece of wood, is discussed.     

Towards the development of a multidisciplinary understanding of the effects of toxic chemical mixtures on health

Mixtures can be divided into simple (chemicals with comparable properties—health risk assessments on the chemicals) and complex, which can be further subdivided into defined (a reasonably distinct composition, created at a specific time and place despite dissimilar components—risk assessments on the common source) and coincidental (chemicals without similar properties or constant composition in time or space—risk assessments on the receptor). Interactions recognized are: independent action, dose addition (additivity), and potentiation (synergy and antagonism). Unpredicted outcomes need recognition. New approaches in higher education and multidisciplinary investigations are essential. The community of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health should help clarify points such as when transformations in mixtures may become important enough to alter the classification and the risk assessment. The multidisciplinary community is also well placed to support the integration of nonchemical influences into mixture analysis and to contribute to the investigation of cumulative and multiple exposures.     

推广国际化学品安全卡促进化学工业持续健康发展

国际化学品安全卡（ＩＣＳＣ）是联合国国际化学品;安全规划处（ＩＰＣＳ）与欧洲聪明委员会合作编写的一套权威性化学品信息卡片。文中论述了推广使用ＩＣＳＣ的重要意义,介绍了安全卡的内容以及如何正确使用ＩＣＳＣ。     

涡喷消防车在化学事故中的抢险救援功能

我国化学工业中的有毒气体的泄漏 ,化学品爆炸、失火等特种灾害的发生频度随化学工业的发展速度而同步增长。涡喷消防车是一种特大功率的气体、洗消剂、灭火剂的喷射平台 ,在化学事故的抢险救援中 ,对吹散、稀释、洗消事故现场的有毒气体 ,强制通风、驱散有毒烟雾和火场降温有独特功能 ,有利于赢得抢险救援的宝贵时间。在防毒抢险和消防救援中 ,在保护人民生命安全和消除毒害及爆炸事故方面有其重要作用。     

从《化学文摘》检索谈科技文摘的写作

以美国《化学文摘》收录部分环境科学文献为例,对收录前后标题、文摘进行探析,论述科技论文文摘的特点及写作方法;指出英文摘要写作时,应注意文体的严谨、准确、翔实、明了和科学性等问题。