电化学法处理工业废水的现状与发展研究

随着工业的快速发展,如何对工业废水进行高效处理是我们需要解决的问题。电化学方法反应装置简单,反应效率高,不会产生二次污染。对中国工业废水目前常用的电化学处理技术的进展和应用进行了综述,包括电化学氧化、电化学还原、电絮凝、电渗析等内容,对国内外的研究成果的总结可知,电化学法对工业废水的处理效率较高,有一定的应用前景。同时对电化学法将来的重点研究方向提出了展望。     

江西省工业园区环境报告书编制导则研究

研究对于江西省工业园区环境信息的公开,提高环境信息公开内容的准确性,实现不同园区间环境业绩的比较,促进工业园区自主环保、积极引导和公众广泛参与环境管理机制的形成具有重要意义.文章介绍了工业园区在全国和江西省经济社会发展中的重要作用,分析江西省工业园区污染物排放现状与趋势以及国内外导则编制研究情况,重点对导则主要技术内容和分类进行说明,分析了导则实施的可行性,提出了实施建议.     

卤系阻燃剂在东江工业水体中的质量浓度及其分配特征

本研究分析了东江工业水体中卤系阻燃剂的浓度,组成分布以及分配特征.结果表明多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是水体中的主要的卤系阻燃剂,占总卤系阻燃剂的41.0%,其质量浓度范围为1 102.3~3 666.9 pg·L~(-1),其中BDE209是颗粒相的主要成分.四溴双酚A(TBBPA)占总卤系阻燃剂的32.4%,其质量浓度范围为1 120.9~2 856.5 pg·L~(-1),其他卤系阻燃剂如十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)、德克隆(DP)和六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)分别占总卤系阻燃剂的16.3%、7.3%和3.0%,其质量浓度范围分别为397.7~1 736.8、235.7~778.1和9.5~266.8 pg·L~(-1).在对水体溶解相和颗粒相分配的研究中发现,PBDEs、DBDPE、DP和HBCDs主要存在于水体颗粒相中,而TBBPA由于其较大的水溶性,主要存在于溶解相中;卤系阻燃剂的lgK_(oc)与lgK_(ow)之间存在显著的相关性,但是lgK_(oc)实测值与其理论预测值有一定差异,这可能是受控于悬浮颗粒(SPM)含量和溶解有机碳(DOC)含量这两个因素,此外,颗粒相和溶解相之间分配是否达到平衡也是影响测量lg Koc值的因素.     

江苏省及南京市工业危险废物现状研究与分析

通过对全国、江苏省以及南京市工业危险废物的产生量和排放量进行调查、总结和对比分析,指出江苏省作为一个工业大省、强省,每年工业危险废物的产生量接近全国的10%,且呈逐年下降趋势.而排放量所占比例大于10%,且出现了先降低、再增加、又降低到零的现象,最高时达到16.67%.造成这一现象的原因可能跟工业危险废物的管理有关.同时指出了目前江苏省乃至南京市目前存在的问题以及相应的对策措施.     

环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的空间溢出效应

目前我国正在积极地探寻经济增长高质量发展,生态环境与经济持续、稳定的和谐发展至关重要。虽然政府制定了相关的环境治理政策,但我国环境治理整体效果仍然欠佳。自从分税制改革以来,地方政府为了获得较高经济效益,会放松对环境管理,导致环境治理高投入低成效。同时,由于区域经济发展不平衡导致政府在制定相关环境治理政策时带有区域性特点,迫使高污染高能耗企业迁移至环境规制相对薄弱的地区,由此产生污染迁移的现象。基于此,对2003—2017年30个省区市(港澳台和西藏除外)环境污染总指数的空间溢出效应进行探讨,构建动态空间杜宾模型研究环境规制、省际产业转移对污染迁移的影响。研究结果表明:①环境规制总体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在正向空间溢出效应,当某省环境规制强度增加,环境污染总指数会降低,从而引起污染向相邻省份转移,造成相邻省份的环境污染总指数上升。②省际产业转移整体上对环境污染具有显著直接效应且存在负向空间溢出效应,当某省的产业转移到相邻省份时,会缓解本省环境污染,却加重相邻省份的环境污染程度。这就需要中央政府加强对于各省区市的环境管控,统筹各区域的联防联治机制。产业转移承接省份在招商引资的过程中不仅要考虑本省环境承载能力和环境治理能力,还要考虑入驻企业自身污染排放处理能力,并将污染排放指数纳入筛选条件。同时,产业转移承接省份要引入企业的生产工艺、技术、研发团队等,运用技术溢出效应提升区域环境治理水平。     

Inherent thermal runaway hazard evaluation method of chemical process based on fire and explosion index

Thermal runaway hazard assessment provides the basis for comparing the hazard levels of different chemical processes. To make an overall evaluation, hazard of materials and reactions should be considered. However, most existing methods didn't take the both into account simultaneously, which may lead the assessment to a deviation from the actual hazard. Therefore, an integrated approach called Inherent Thermal-runaway Hazard Index (ITHI) was developed in this paper. Similar to Dow Fire and Explosion Index(F&EI) function, thermal runaway hazard of chemical process in ITHI was the product of material factor (MF) and risk index (RI) of reaction. MF was an indicator of material thermal hazards, which can be determined by initial reaction temperature and maximum power density. RI, which was the product of probability and severity, indicated the risk of thermal runaway during the reaction stage. Time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions and criticality classes of scenario were used to indicate the runaway probability of the chemical process. Adiabatic temperature rise and heat of the desired reaction and secondary reaction were used to determine the severity of runaway reaction. Finally, predefined hazard classification criteria was used to classify and interpret the results obtained by this method. Moreover, the method was validated by case studies.     

Systematic review on the implementation methodologies of inherent safety in chemical process

The accomplishments of inherent safety in the field of loss prevention thus far are impressive due to its scientific philosophy: reducing risks at source rather than adding engineered and procedural protections. Generally, the implementation of inherent safety can be done through a cohesive set of fourteen principles elucidated by Kletz and Amyotte. This work, guided by the fourteen principles, presents a systematic review on the implementation methodologies of inherent safety. Firstly, PRISMA procedure was adopted to select eligible literatures according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. After obtaining the selected literatures, the preference, level of application, and gaps in using these principles were critically analyzed. Of the fourteen principles, intensification, substitution, attenuation, simplification, limitation of effects, and avoidance of knock-on effects are preferable to implementing inherent safety in chemical process. Although the remaining principles are also potentially useful, they are not commonly used due to their costs and complexities of implementation. Overall, this work presents a complete spectrum to look across the implementation methodologies of inherent safety and concludes with some holistic and inclusive approaches as future research recommendations.     

Hierarchical pre-positioning of emergency resources for a chemical industrial parks concentrated area

Accidents in chemical industrial parks always cause fateful damage which can be reduced greatly by providing emergency resources sufficiently and timely. One effective way to enhance the emergency response capacity and agility is by pre-positioning of emergency resources for the potential accidents. The Yangtze River Delta of China is a large region where a large number of chemical industrial parks are concentrated. According to the distributing characteristics of demand points in this region, a mathematical model of hierarchical pre-positioning of emergency resources is proposed to ensure that accidents in all chemical industrial parks in this region can be responded timely and effectively. Considering accident domino effect and minimizing the total cost, the model gives optimal decisions of pre-positioning emergency resources, including the location and inventory of depots. The innovative hierarchical pre-positioning method greatly reduces the total cost in the premise of sufficient preparation for supplying emergency resources. Finally, in a visual graph of the Yangtze River Delta, the model is applied and the result shows its applicability.     

Location selection of emergency supplies repositories for emergency logistics management: A variable weighted algorithm

With the development of the city, the number of establishments that are proposed or under construction is increasing year by year, and if they are industries that handle flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and dangerous substances, the public safety will face great threats, which will bring great challenges to emergency rescue work. Therefore, providing reasonable solutions to the problem of location selection of emergency supplies repositories are necessary for improving the emergency response efficiency in chemical industrial parks. A mathematical model for location selection of emergency supplies repositories in emergency logistics management are presented considering more actual factors. The optimization objectives of the model are to minimize total transport length and cost. And then a Variable Weighted Algorithm is designed to solve the model, where an auxiliary function was constructed with different methods of building weighting factors based on the theory and method of solving multi-objective optimization problems in operational research. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the models and algorithms presented in this paper.     

绿色化工环保技术与环境治理的关系

我国化工产业的不断发展,带动了我国经济的飞速发展,给人们的生活带来了许多便利条件,但是与此同时也对我国的环境造成了严重的破坏,化工生产用到许多化学材料,在生产过程中会产生大量的化学废弃物,对环境的污染造成很严重的影响。我国对化工生产给环境保护造成的影响高度重视,随着绿色化工环保技术的出现,有效解决了化工产业造成的环境污染问题,对我国的环境问题进行了有效的改善,对我国工业的发展具有重要意义。本文针对绿色化工环保技术进行分析,探讨绿色化工环保技术在环境治理中的有效应用。