Towards the development of a multidisciplinary understanding of the effects of toxic chemical mixtures on health

Mixtures can be divided into simple (chemicals with comparable properties—health risk assessments on the chemicals) and complex, which can be further subdivided into defined (a reasonably distinct composition, created at a specific time and place despite dissimilar components—risk assessments on the common source) and coincidental (chemicals without similar properties or constant composition in time or space—risk assessments on the receptor). Interactions recognized are: independent action, dose addition (additivity), and potentiation (synergy and antagonism). Unpredicted outcomes need recognition. New approaches in higher education and multidisciplinary investigations are essential. The community of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health should help clarify points such as when transformations in mixtures may become important enough to alter the classification and the risk assessment. The multidisciplinary community is also well placed to support the integration of nonchemical influences into mixture analysis and to contribute to the investigation of cumulative and multiple exposures.     

可持续发展与产业结构优化

可持续发展要求产业结构合理化、高度化、形成能够发挥资源禀赋比较优势的产业结构和发展环保产业,但是我国目前存在产业结构不合理、重复建设严重、地区产业结构趋同、产业技术水平低、第三产业发展不足、高新技术产业和环保产业发展滞后等情况,极不利于社会经济的可持续发展。为了真正的实现可持续发展,必须努力调整产业结构,淘汰落后过剩的生产能力,促进产业结构升级,大力发展第三产业、环保产业和高新技术产业。     

推广国际化学品安全卡促进化学工业持续健康发展

国际化学品安全卡（ＩＣＳＣ）是联合国国际化学品;安全规划处（ＩＰＣＳ）与欧洲聪明委员会合作编写的一套权威性化学品信息卡片。文中论述了推广使用ＩＣＳＣ的重要意义,介绍了安全卡的内容以及如何正确使用ＩＣＳＣ。     

涡喷消防车在化学事故中的抢险救援功能

我国化学工业中的有毒气体的泄漏 ,化学品爆炸、失火等特种灾害的发生频度随化学工业的发展速度而同步增长。涡喷消防车是一种特大功率的气体、洗消剂、灭火剂的喷射平台 ,在化学事故的抢险救援中 ,对吹散、稀释、洗消事故现场的有毒气体 ,强制通风、驱散有毒烟雾和火场降温有独特功能 ,有利于赢得抢险救援的宝贵时间。在防毒抢险和消防救援中 ,在保护人民生命安全和消除毒害及爆炸事故方面有其重要作用。     

我国生态工业系统稳定性的结构型因素实证研究

在查阅国内外大量文献的基础上,提出了5个可能影响我国生态工业系统稳定性的结构型因素假设:关键种企业、成员距离、成员相互依赖程度、成员多样性、领导因素.并在全国47个生态工业系统进行统计实证研究加以证实.数据相关分析和回归分析结果表明:强有力的系统内部关键种企业、较少的成员交流障碍、较近的成员空间距离、多样化的成员企业主营业务等4个因素对我国生态工业系统稳定性有显著影响.对我国生态工业系统的发展提出了相应的政府决策建议.      

电气浮含油污水处理工艺工业性试验研究

电解气浮含油污水处理工艺是一种新型的污水处理技术。基于室内试验及现场小试的研究成果,对该技术进行了放大的工业性试验研究,设计了试验流程及装置,取得了阶段性的试验结果。研究结果表明,经电气浮处理后除油率最高可达89%,悬浮固体去除率最高为73%,最低为30%;杀菌率达到99.6%~100%,达到了电气浮除油的要求。电气浮含油污水处理工艺与其他含油污水处理工艺相比,药剂投加量为常规工艺的1/3,运行电耗为0.2 kW.h/m3,总的运行费用约为常规工艺的40%~60%。研究成果为电气浮工艺在石油化工废水处理中的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

基于元素代谢的磷肥生态工业园区规划

生态工业园区是循环经济和生态工业重要的实践方式,是实现可持续发展的重要途径.以循环经济和工业生态学原理为指导,在对磷肥产业中S,Ca等元素进行代谢分析的基础上,从实现S元素循环和Ca元素高利用率,延伸P元素利用途径出发,强调物质集成,通过工业生态系统结构规划和生态管理规划等措施构建了磷肥生态工业园区.      

湖北省工业污染现状分析

“十五”以来,湖北省工业“三废”排放及污染状况虽有所改善,但前景仍旧不容乐观。本文主要从工业排放物、工业污染源、工业污染趋势、工业污染影响四个方面对湖北省工业污染的现状进行了分析。     

从《化学文摘》检索谈科技文摘的写作

以美国《化学文摘》收录部分环境科学文献为例,对收录前后标题、文摘进行探析,论述科技论文文摘的特点及写作方法;指出英文摘要写作时,应注意文体的严谨、准确、翔实、明了和科学性等问题。     

Wastewater management in small- and medium-size enterprises: case studies

Wastewater management in small and medium-sized enterprises representing the chemical and food industries was investigated. The results showed that wastewater discharged from an ink-production factory was highly contaminated with organic pollutants. Anaerobic biological treatment followed by chemical coagulation using ferric chloride aided with lime proved to be very effective and produced an effluent that complied with national regulatory standard for wastewater discharge into public sewage network. Also, management of wastewater from a confectionery factory representing the food sector was carried out. Aerobic biological treatment using plastic-packed trickling filter proved to be an effective treatment method. However, application of in-plant control measures alleviated the requirement for the construction of a wastewater treatment plant. The applied pollution prevention and cleaner production measures involved good housekeeping, recovery of spent chocolate, modification of floor cleaning and installation of suction devices for the removal of sugar and starch powders. All improvement measures were documented by cost/benefit analysis.