关于植物化学生态信息的开发与利用

植物的化学信息，早已被人们所关注和利用，目前，该研究已成为生态学和化学生态学中最活跃，最能为社会与生产服务的领域之一，生态系统中的物质流和能量流是资源，而生态学的信息则是更具开发，利用前景的资源。     

防灾公园的减灾功能

地震灾害避难疏散的经验与教训表明 ,城市公园是重要的避难场所 ;防灾公园是减灾功能特别强的城市公园 ;城市公园改造成防灾公园或规划建设新的防灾公园可以提高城市公园的综合防灾减灾功能。发生城市突发事件时 ,防灾公园可以用作紧急避难所、灾害对策据点。防灾公园具有供居民避难以及确保避难人员基本生活条件的功能、防灾减灾功能、情报收集与传递功能、医疗与救护功能、运输基地功能等。强化防灾公园减灾功能的主要措施是广泛采用高新科学技术 ,并对防灾公园系统实施综合性的科学管理     

基于产业调整的太湖流域生态环境优化探讨

以流域为单元进行水资源综合管理,是实现资源、环境与经济社会协调发展的重要途径. 产业调整能控制污染源的数量和种类,是区域环境治理的关键环节和有效手段. 从湖泊流域产业的特有结构分析出发,以太湖为例,分析了当前太湖流域环境问题、产生的原因及其存在的产业不合理性,探讨了点源污染、线源污染和面源污染的成因及其对污染总量的贡献、治理方案并加以对比分析;探讨了湖泊流域产业调整和优化对区域生态环境的改善及污染控制治理中的作用,基于污染总量恒定或稳步下降、经济发展速度不变的情况下,对流域产业升级和优化调整提出了具体的产业结构和政策,这对指导湖区流域可持续发展具有一定的理论意义和实践价值.      

吉州生态工业园规划建设探讨

吉州工业园率先在江西省进行了生态工业园规划建设试点。文章介绍了吉州生态工业园规划建设的指导思想与原则,从5个核心系统和三大循环系统阐述了吉州生态工业园规划建设的总体框架,并提出了电子信息产业、机械加工产业、造纸化工产业、食品加工产业4个主导产业的工业生态系统规划,同时提出了吉州生态工业园近期建设的补链项目,预测分析吉州生态工业园近期建设的经济效益、环境效益、社会效益进行。     

介孔硅材料及化学改性在水处理中的应用

随着人们对水环境污染严重性的高度关注,人们越来越重视良好吸附材料的开发。活性炭是一种最有效的吸附剂,拥有较大比表面积,但再生过程中有大量的损失,因此人们开始开发新的可循环使用的无机吸附材料。本文介绍了三种介孔硅吸附材料的合成方法,以及介孔硅吸附材料的化学改性应用,并且提出对吸附材料应用前景的建议。     

城市污水脱氮除磷中的化学问题

简述了污水中氮磷的来源、存在形式及危害,城市污水生物脱氮除磷基本原理。围绕生物脱氮除磷的化学原理,针对生物脱氮除磷工艺对pH值要求、污泥龄控制、碳源投加及脱氮新工艺进行了探讨。     

Effects of spatial autocorrelation and sampling design on estimates of protected area effectiveness

Estimating the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in reducing deforestation is useful to support decisions on whether to invest in better management of areas already protected or to create new ones. Statistical matching is commonly used to assess this effectiveness, but spatial autocorrelation and regional differences in protection effectiveness are frequently overlooked. Using Colombia as a case study, we employed statistical matching to account for confounding factors in park location and accounted for for spatial autocorrelation to determine statistical significance. We compared the performance of different matching procedures—ways of generating matching pairs at different scales—in estimating PA effectiveness. Differences in matching procedures affected covariate similarity between matched pairs (balance) and estimates of PA effectiveness in reducing deforestation. Independent matching yielded the greatest balance. On average 95% of variables in each region were balanced with independent matching, whereas 33% of variables were balanced when using the method that performed worst. The best estimates suggested that average deforestation inside protected areas in Colombia was 40% lower than in matched sites. Protection significantly reduced deforestation, but PA effectiveness differed among regions. Protected areas in Caribe were the most effective, whereas those in Orinoco and Pacific were least effective. Our results demonstrate that accounting for spatial autocorrelation and using independent matching for each subset of data is needed to infer the effectiveness of protection in reducing deforestation. Not accounting for spatial autocorrelation can distort the assessment of protection effectiveness, increasing type I and II errors and inflating effect size. Our method allowed improved estimates of protection effectiveness across scales and under different conditions and can be applied to other regions to effectively assess PA performance.     

Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

空气污染视角下北京市产业结构调整的政策模拟研究

空气污染问题是制约经济社会健康发展的重要因素,产业结构调整是缓解该问题的重要途径,探究产业结构调整对于空气污染问题的改善效应具有重要的意义。本文以环境保护和经济增长为双重目标,以投入产出理论为基础,构建了一个一般的具有政策权重的产业结构双目标优化模型。模型目标中的权重体现了政策对两个目标的倾向性需求。给定了某种政策权重,就能根据优化模型计算出最优的产业结构。进一步,我们以SO 2的排放量作为环保指标,以GDP作为经济指标,利用上述模型,依据实际数据,在不同政策权重下,对北京市2017年的产业结构进行了模拟测算,从而给出了与之对应的北京市最优化的产业结构调整方案。特别地,选择了其中三种政策倾向力度,即经济增长偏向性政策、中性政策、环境保护偏向性政策方案,分别给出了最优产业结构方案的数量结果和两个目标的值。我们注意到,2017年的实际值与2016年的实际值相比,2017年的污染物SO 2的排放量大幅减少,且GDP也有所增加,这表明了政府部门的政策相对有效。但是,我们计算出的三种最优化的产业结构对应的两个目标值均优于2017年实际值。事实上,对于经济偏向性政策,最优化的产业结构使得GDP的数量上升更多,而SO 2的排放量也减少了不少;即使是采用环保偏向性政策,不仅使污染物SO 2的排放量更少,而且使GDP的数量仍然高于2017年的实际值。这说明本文提出的通过优化产业结构实现环境保护是一个可行的、合理的途径。     

长江产业带投资条件比较与综合分等评价

将长江干流沿江地区建设成具有强大经济实力的国家级产业密集带是９０年代国家调整宏观经济发展布局的重大战略举措。在大规模投资开发过程中如何按照各地投资环境特点，选择最佳的投资区位和适宜的投资方向是十分重要的。本文选取了能基本反映研究地区投资环境状况的基础设施条件，经济发展水平，科教发达程度，主要资源赋存和区域环境质量５类因素共１４项指标，以产业带范围内的４０个地市为地域单元，对产业带内部的投资环境条件