Selective sorptive removal of Methyl Red from individual and binary component solutions by mesoporous organosilicas of MCM-41 type

Organosilicas with chemically immobilized 3-aminopropyl and Methyl Red-containing surface groups were prepared by sol-gel condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in the presence of dye as part of the mixed micelles or dye-containing silane as silica source. The hexagonally arranged mesoporous structure of synthesized materials was confirmed by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, x-ray diffraction, and TEM studies. Chemical composition of MCM-41-type organosilicas was established by FT-IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis of surface layer. Sorption of Methyl Red by organosilicas was studied from diluted phosphate buffer solutions in dependence of medium pH, duration of contact, and equilibrium concentration of dye. It was found that effective removal of Methyl Red takes place at pH values within a range of 2.5?5. Kinetic curves of Methyl Red sorption on organosilicas were analyzed by the Lagergren, Ho-McKey, and Weber-Morris kinetic models. It was found that the pseudo-second-order model fits the kinetics of Methyl Red sorption on all synthesized materials and the intraparticle diffusion is not the only one mechanism controlling the rate of Methyl Red sorptive removal. The parameters of equilibrium sorption of Methyl Red on organosilicas of MCM-41 type were calculated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller models. Sorption of acid dyes with geometry similar or substantially different from Methyl Red on mesoporous silicas was studied from single and binary component mixtures in aqueous solutions with pH 4.8 and 5.5. It was found that selective sorption process is highly dependent on the structural characteristics and protolytic state of silica surface as well as acid dye.     

中国资源型城市转型对劳动力需求的影响

资源部门的自强机制导致城市人力资本集中于资源型产业,进而造成资源型城市中低技能劳动者增多,使新兴产业对当地劳动力需求下降。因此,资源型城市转型可能会导致城市面临失业问题。使用倾向得分匹配与双重差分结合的方法,探讨了《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划（2013—2020年）》对资源型城市劳动力需求的影响。为验证该影响的内在机制,分别根据教育水平和制造业占比对城市进行三重差分回归。结果显示：城市转型导致资源型城市劳动力需求下降6.9%;成熟型和衰退型城市的转型是导致需求下降的主要原因;检验发现,教育水平更高或制造业占比更高的城市受转型政策的影响更小,从而可以从侧面证明资源部门的自强机制使新兴产业对当地劳动力需求下降。     

Chemical composition of different size ultrafine particulate matter measured by nanoparticle chemical ionization mass spectrometer

New particle formation (NPF) is the primary source of nanoparticles and contributes a large number of concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. In recent years, field campaigns and laboratory experiments have been conducted to promote cognition of the mechanism for NPF and its following growth processes. The chemical composition measurement of nanoparticles could help deepen understanding of the initial step of particulate matter formation. In this work, we developed a nanoparticle chemical ionization mass spectrometer to measure nanoparticles' chemical compositions during their initial growth stage. Meanwhile, a non-radioactive ion source was designed for aerosol charging and chemical ionization. Time of flight mass spectrometer coupled with integrated aerosol size selection and collection module would guarantee the picogram level detection limit and high-resolution ability to measure the matrix of ambient samples. The performance of this equipment was overall evaluated, including the transmission efficiency and collection efficiency of custom-built nano differential mobility analyzer, chemical ionization efficiency, and mass resolution of the mass spectrometer. The high sensitivity measurement of ammonium sulfate and methylammonium sulfate aerosols with diameters ranging from 10 to 25 nm could guarantee the application of this instrument in the ambient measurement.     

基于APCS-MLR和PMF模型解析黄河下游文化公园土壤重金属污染特征及来源分析

选取黄河下游典型人类扰动区——黄河文化公园为研究区域,系统采集表层土壤样品,测定土壤中7种(Cr、 Ni、 Cu、 Zn、 Cd、 Pb和As)重金属含量,利用地累积指数研究公园土壤重金属污染特征,应用克里格空间插值法、绝对因子分析-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR)和正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型解析黄河文化公园土壤重金属的来源.结果表明,研究区表层土壤重金属(Cd、 Zn、 Cu、 Pb和As)含量平均值高于黄河下游潮土区土壤元素背景值,分别是背景值的4.62、 1.78、 1.41、 1.08和1.03倍.除Zn外,其他元素含量均低于黄河流域沿线不同区域土壤相应元素值.7种元素地累积指数递减趋势为：Cd>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>As=Cr,元素Cd属于偏中污染,在表层土壤中积累明显.空间分布特征及源解析结果显示,Cr、 Ni和Cu为自然源因子,主要受成土母质影响;Cd和Pb为交通源,Zn和As属于受少量人类活动和自然叠加影响的混合源.APCS-MLR的分析结果显示：自然源贡献率为46.67%,交通源贡献率为24.11%,混合源贡献率为16.12%,...     

Present situation of wastewater treatment in the Iranian industrial estates: Recycle and reuse as a solution for achieving goals of eco-industrial parks

Iran is located in arid and semi-arid region, which means water resource management is a strategic issue for this country. Water scarcity is one of the most critical concerns of industrial estates in Iran. For this reason, recycling and reusing of treated wastewater is the most practical solution for compensating of water shortage in industrial estates. Currently, only 20% of total treated wastewater is used for irrigation and almost 0.81% is consumed for industrial purpose. This study presents an overview on the wastewater management at the Iranian industrial estates for the purpose of achieving the goal of eco-industrial parks by describing the present situation and discussing the experiences of wastewater reuse systems for irrigation and industrial purposes. The aims of this study was to provide an overview of the wastewater management at the industrial estates in Iran towards achieving eco-industrial parks by describing present states and the outcome of wastewater consumption for irrigation and industrial purposes.     

燃煤工业锅炉污染物协同治理与超低排放技术研究

工业锅炉不同于电站锅炉,其规模小、负荷波动较大,且大多燃用未经洗选加工的原煤,故燃煤工业锅炉的污染物治理不能简单沿用当前电站锅炉的治理模式。基于燃煤工业锅炉污染物排放和治理现状,结合国家和地区大气污染物排放标准和企业发展方向,从工艺技术路线、关键技术装备、智能监控等方面进行研究,因地制宜进行污染物的协同治理和高效脱除并实现超低排放。     

Characteristics of biomass ashes from different materials and their ameliorative effects on acid soils

The chemical characteristics, element contents, mineral compositions, and the ameliorative effects on acid soils of five biomass ashes from different materials were analyzed. The chemical properties of the ashes varied depending on the source biomass material. An increase in the concrete shuttering contents in the biomass materials led to higher alkalinity, and higher Ca and Mg levels in biomass ashes, which made them particularly good at ameliorating effects on soil acidity. However, heavy metal contents, such as Cr, Cu, and Zn in the ashes, were relatively high. The incorporation of all ashes increased soil pH, exchangeable base cations, and available phosphorus, but decreased soil exchangeable acidity. The application of the ashes from biomass materials with a high concrete shuttering content increased the soil available heavy metal contents. Therefore, the biomass ashes from wood and crop residues with low concrete contents were the better acid soil amendments.     

Preparation of Ti species coating hydrotalcite by chemical vapor deposition for photodegradation of azo dye

TiO_2 in anatase crystal phase is a very effective catalyst in the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds in water. To improve its photocatalytic activity, the Ti-coating Mg Al hydrotalcite(Ti–Mg Al–LDH) was prepared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method.Response surface method(RSM) was employed to evaluate the effect of Ti species coating parameters on the photocatalytic activity, which was found to be affected by the furnace temperature, N2 flow rate and influx time of precursor gas. Application of RSM successfully increased the photocatalytic efficiency of the Ti–Mg Al–LDH in methylene blue photodegradation under UV irradiation, leading to improved economy of the process.According to the results from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunner–Emmet–Teller and Barrett–Joyner–Hallender, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra analyses, the Ti species(TiO_2or/and Ti~(4+)) were successfully coated on the Mg Al–LDH matrix. The Ti species on the surface of the Ti–Mg Al–LDH lead to a higher photocatalytic performance than commercial TiO_2-P25. The results suggested that CVD method provided a new approach for the industrial preparation of Ti-coating Mg Al–LDH material with good photocatalytic performances.     

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric submicron particles on the western coast of Taiwan Strait, China

Taiwan Strait is a special channel for subtropical East Asian Monsoon and its western coast is an important economic zone in China. In this study, a suburban site in the city of Xiamen on the western coast of Taiwan Strait was selected for fine aerosol study to improve the understanding of air pollution sources in this region. An Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-To F-AMS) and an Aethalometer were deployed to measure fine aerosol composition with a time resolution of 5 min from May 1to 18, 2015. The average mass concentration of PM1 was 46.2 ± 26.3 μg/m~3 for the entire campaign. Organics(28.3%), sulfate(24.9%), and nitrate(20.6%) were the major components in the fine particles, followed by ammonium, black carbon(BC), and chloride. Evolution of nitrate concentration and size distribution indicated that local NOx emissions played a key role in high fine particle pollution in Xiamen. In addition, organic nitrate was found to account for 9.0%–13.8% of the total measured nitrate. Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)conducted with high-resolution organic mass spectra dataset differentiated the organic aerosol into three components, including a hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA) and two oxygenated organic aerosols(SV-OOA and LV-OOA), which on average accounted for 27.6%,28.8%, and 43.6% of the total organic mass, respectively. The relationship between the mass concentration of submicron particle species and wind further confirmed that all major fine particle species were influenced by both strong local emissions in the southeastern area of Xiamen and regional transport through the Taiwan Strait.     

以环境保护为基础的城市公园生态设计研究

从环境保护视野对城市公园景观优化设计进行研究,以环境保护为基础,探讨城市公园景观优化设计中应用环境保护的原则,以太原公园为例,介绍其景观优化设计方式,包括改善城市公园湖滨游步道的林荫绿化情况,增建亲水空间,优化座椅、休闲亭和餐饮设施,改善水景别墅前绿化景观,提升公园整体植物景观层次感,规划城市公园水生植物景观.总结出城市公园景观优化设计的策略主要为:设计湖滨亲水设施、营造水上景观、配置城市公园植物景观、设置沿岸的水景.