GROUND WATER FLOW AND RUNOFF IN A COASTAL PLAIN STREAM1

ABSTRACT: The quantity, seasonality, and sources of flow were analyzed for two segments of Four Mile Branch, a small stream on the Coastal Plain of South Carolina using data obtained from USGS gauging stations. Flows in the “upstream segment,” a 12.6-km² watershed comprising the head waters of Four Mile Branch, averaged 0.129 m³ s^?1 and showed a distinctly seasonal pattern, with maximum flows in February and March and minimum flows in September and October. Inflow to the “downstream segment,” a 2.2-km² watershed associated with the main channel, averaged 0.059 m³ s^?1 and showed no seasonal patterns. Discharges per unit area of watershed were greater for the downstream segment, 0.83 m³ per year per m² of land surface, than for the upstream segment, 0.32 m³ per year per m². The differences in discharge rates and seasonalities between the two segments reflect differences in aquifers supplying the different segments. Analyses of Streamflow by hydrograph separation and Streamflow partitioning methods indicated that greater than 90 percent of the flows in the upstream and downstream segments were due to ground water-driven base flows.     

黄泛平原的土壤侵蚀灾害及防治对策

本文阐述了黄泛平原土壤侵蚀的特点，对侵蚀的形式、程度及严重危害，作了比较详细的分析，并从宏观上提出了一些防治对策。     

成都市可持续发展测度与分析

生态足迹是一种定量测量人类对自然利用程度的方法，已经被广泛应用于定量测度区域或城市的可持续发展。成都地处我国西部，是西部大开发的战略高地和“桥头堡”，对西部地区的发展起着示范、先导、辐射和带动作用。采用生态足迹理论和计算模型对成都市各类土地面积进行量化，具体计算出成都市的生态承载力、供需结构。计算结果表明，2003年其人均生态足迹超过了它的人均生态承载力，生态经济系统存在生态赤字，必须采取措施提高生态承载力，减少生态压力，探讨可持续发展的道路。     

江汉平原耕地资源利用特征的城镇化模式

城镇化与耕地数量变化之间的关系是当前土地问题研究的焦点之一。利用1990-2004年江汉平原14个县市的统计数据资料，分析了在不同城市、不同城镇化阶段以及不同城镇化速度等条件下耕地面积所呈现的变化特点，并归纳出基于耕地资源利用特征的3种城镇化模式。     

绿色GDP核算实证研究——以成都市为例

针对GDP的缺陷导致自然资源和环境的价值被忽视或扭曲，制约了我国经济可持续发展的问题，提出以绿色GDP来进行国民经济核算，落实科学发展观，并以成都市为例进行了实证研究，得出近年来成都市已加强环保意识，经济正在走向可持续发展道路，绿色GDP核算体系具有深远理论和实践意义。     

成都市乡村旅游的发展特色--休闲度假与文化旅游

介绍了成都近郊乡村旅游发展概况和目前存在的问题，分析了成都市乡村旅游发展自身具有的丰富资源和依靠蜀文化背景的优势，并结合目前旅游业的市场需求，提出了大力开发休闲旅游产品和突出文化特色的建议，以及具体的旅游产品类型。     

成都经济区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其分布特点

应用GC/MS分析成都经济区土壤剖面中多环芳烃含量及分布特点,得出成都经济区不同高度土壤中多环芳烃的检出率和分布规律.结果表明:多环芳烃含量范围为0～58.09 ng/g;剖面I中多环芳烃含量随高程增加而减少,多数物质最高值出现在海拔433 m处;剖面Ⅱ中多环芳烃含量随高程增加而增加.     

三江平原生态环境状况研究

以三江平原各县（市）为研究基本单元,运用生态综合指数法对其生态环境状况进行评价,分析各县（市）生态环境状况。结果表明：三江平原各县（市）生态环境状况分为＂优＂、＂良＂和＂一般＂三个级别。＂优＂类的县（市）共3个,占全区面积的15.96%;＂良＂类的县（市）共19个,占全区面积的82.36%;＂一般＂类的县（市）1个,占全区面积的1.68%。     

基于水环境保护的苏州平原河网水利调度决策研究

平原河网地区作为经济发达地带,其水环境面临着巨大的压力.基于水环境保护,以水质改善率最大作为决策目标,通过构建平原河网水利调度决策理论模型来优选出最佳调度方案.并将该理论模型应用于苏州市平原河网地区,在模拟产生的6个不同水利调度方案中决策得到综合水质改善率最大的方案.决策结果显示:方案6的综合水质改善率最大,最有利于苏州平原河网地区的水环境保护,为最优调度方案.研究成果可为以水环境保护为目标的平原河网地区水利调度决策提供一定参考.     

A study of farmers' flood perceptions based on the entropy method: an application from Jianghan Plain,China

Using survey data from 280 farmers in Jianghan Plain, China, this paper establishes an evaluation index system for three dimensions of farmers' flood perceptions and then uses the entropy method to estimate their overall flood perception. Farmers' flood perceptions exhibit the following characteristics: (i) their flood‐occurrence, flood‐prevention, and overall flood perceptions gradually increase with age, whereas their flood‐effects perception gradually decreases; (ii) their flood‐occurrence and flood‐effects perceptions gradually increase with a higher level of education, whereas their flood‐prevention perception gradually decreases and their overall flood perception shows nonlinear change; (iii) flood‐occurrence, flood‐effects, and overall flood perceptions are higher among farmers who serve in public offices than among those who do not do so; (iv) the flood‐occurrence, flood‐effects, and overall flood perceptions of farmers who work off‐farm are higher than those of farmers who work solely on‐farm, contrary to the flood‐prevention perception; and (v) the flood‐effects and flood‐prevention perceptions of male farmers are lower than those of female farmers, but the flood‐occurrence and overall flood perceptions of male farmers are higher than those of female farmers.