基于粮食安全的耕地保护区域经济补偿标准测算

论文依据耕地保护的机会成本损失和基于区域粮食安全所折算的耕地赢余或赤字量,测算出耕地保护区域间的经济补偿标准,以矫正耕地保护的外部经济损失。在不同情景模式下的测算结果表明,粮食主产区为主要的补偿对象,黑龙江省所应补偿的金额最高,可获得543.24×10⁸元/年,而东部地区大多为耕地保护外部效益补偿金的主要支付者,上海市需要支付的补偿金最多,最低也应支付421.79×10⁸元/年。为了保障区域内粮食自给,一些地区维护粮食安全的成本会较高。在耕地保护过程中应该打破传统农业自给自足的封闭循环,遵循耕地保护机会成本的区域差异和区域土地利用的比较优势,统筹区域土地利用,使耕地保护成为实现农业区域专门化,取得规模经济效益和集聚效益的手段。     

农业合作生产对华北农牧交错区水资源存量和经济效益的影响

针对华北农牧交错区错季蔬菜生产对水资源消耗的争议,通过试验和调查研究相结合的方法,研究了农业“生产－消费”合作生产背景下区域发展错季蔬菜的耗水效果及其对农民收入、水资源存量的影响。结果表明,错季蔬菜生产田间耗水量为农区粮食作物的31.3%~93.3%,而水资源价值为农区粮食作物的4.2~10.7倍;与区域内粮油作物生产相比,错季蔬菜生产少耗水330~754m³/hm²,且其水资源价值为粮油作物的4.0~13.9倍。通过实施粮－菜交换的市场农业战略,区域能用0.175~0.196m³的水交易获得外区域1 m³的水资源,并且实现了研究区用0.93hm²的菜地解决发展错季蔬菜前需要6.9~13.8hm²耕地才能解决的粮食问题。调查表明,通过高效地输出水资源,区域农民收入仅蔬菜一项比全国同期农村人均收入高出了23%。故华北农牧交错区发展错季蔬菜生产是节约和扩大本区域的水资源存量,促进农村脱贫致富、自我发展的有效途径。     

土地经济密度的区域差异特征及动态演变格局——基于长江三角洲地区的实证分析

基于长江三角洲地区25个城市的土地经济密度数据,利用泰尔指数、空间自相关等方法对1995-2007年长江三角洲地区土地经济密度的区域差异特征及动态演化格局进行了初步探索。研究表明：①该区域的土地经济密度总体呈不断上升趋势,但是城市间差异明显,其高值点主要集中于沪苏锡常地区;②土地经济密度的总体差异和区间差异呈现波动性缩小趋势,江苏省内部差异和区间差异是总体差异的主要组成部分;③土地经济密度总体上趋于空间集聚,但局部的空间集聚中心从环杭州湾城市转移到苏南地区和上海。可见,高投入、低效率的土地利用方式已不适合长江三角洲地区的发展,未来必须统筹区域土地利用,合理配置土地资源,促进区域合理分工和协调发展。     

安全生产与经济秩序

从安全生产与经济秩序的关系分析安全生产的各种现象、危害及其原因 ,提出了实现安全生产 ,规范市场经济秩序的对策。将安全生产纳入市场经济秩序 ,建立完善市场准入条件和事故淘汰否决制及从经济角度增强企业安全生产内动力、加大对责任事故中的腐败行为和破坏经济秩序的查处力度等方面 ,对我国建立和完善社会主义市场经济秩序过程中加强安全生产进行了探索。     

从生命周期评价看白色污染治理

本文论述了我国发泡PS餐盒及其替代品的发展状况和国内外的相关政策 ,采用生命周期评价的方法 ,讨论了从原料开采、生产加工、使用 ,到回收或废弃全过程不同产品的环境负荷 ,指出简单替代并不能真正解决污染问题 ,而PS餐盒的回收再利用更有益于治理白色污染和保护环境     

Forging New Directions in Science and Environmental Politics and Policy: How Can Co-operation, Deliberation and Decision be Brought Together?

Science, politics and environmental policy have for several years been encountering social and institutional as well as scientific challenges, national and international. The normative basis of all sciences is pressurised from three sides: by awareness of the public, who claims more transparency and sensibility from the scientific institutions regarding factual or possible impacts of science-based industrial progress; by the industries, which try to speed up and intensify the industrialisation of knowledge; and by the public policies, which want to see the sciences engaged in ways to mitigate unintended consequences of economic, ecological and social developments. At the same time, environmental policy is undergoing a tremendous sea change both in conceptual and practical matters. Since the Brundtland Report in 1987 and accelerated after UNCED 1992, environmental policy has been struggling to become a groundbreaking new paradigm for the capacity of resolving social and political issues as well. Any successful attempt to alter traditional institutional and mental structures in policy-making toward sustainability presupposes a renewed association of co-operation, deliberation and decision making. Results from theory of democracy, studies in science and technology, and evaluation studies in environmental policy and politics can be utilised for this context.     

浅议林业安全生产与经济效益

浅析新形势下,林业安全生产存在的问题及其对经济效益的影响和对策。     

安徽四大区域对外开放度与经济增长的分析

对外开放度是测量一个地区经济发展国际化程度的一个重要标志。以SPSS12．0为分析工具,运用回归分析方法,对安徽省四大区域对外开放度差异进行了测定和分析。2000年以来,安徽省四大经济区域对外开放度有了明显提高,但基础设施、区位条件、产业结构等方面的差异导致四大区域之间、区域内部以及地市之间的对外开放度存在明显差异。回归分析显示,对外开放度与安徽区域经济增长有着显著的相关性。     

陇南长江流域经济发展和生态重建战略研究

陇南长江流域大多地处嘉陵江上游的源头地区,是一个资源较为富集但经济相对落后、生态环境脆弱且人口压力较大的丘陵山区。本文从可持续发展的角度出发,着眼世纪之交摆脱贫困与奔向小康转换时期经济发展和生态重建的协调演进,提出产业结构调整的基本思路是立足山区优势发展特色农业,市场配置资源、培植支柱工业,商贸、旅游并举、突出第三产业、强化基础设计、增强发展后劲;空间结构重组的战略构想是重点发展东部经８济重心区、     

Assessing Impact of Urbanization on River Water Quality In The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is one of the most developed regions in China. It has been undergoing a rapid urbanization since the reformation and opening of China in 1978. This process plays a significant impact on the urban environment, particularly river water quality. The main goal of this present study is to assess the impact of urban activities especially urbanization on river water quality for the study area. Some Landsat TM images from 2000 were used to map the areas for different pollution levels of urban river sections for the study area. In addition, an improved equalized synthetic pollution index method was utilized to assess the field analytical results. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the rapidity of urbanization and the pollution levels of urban river water. Compared to the rural river water, urban river water was polluted more seriously. During the urban development process, urbanization and urban activities had a significant negative impact on the river water quality.