多环芳烃室内土柱淋溶行为的CDE模型模拟

采用土柱淋溶实验方法对多环芳烃(PAHs)在人工污染士柱中表面活性剂淋溶下的运移进行了实验室研究,获得了示踪剂Br^-和PAHs的穿透曲线(BTCs);并通过室内批量平衡试验(PAHs和表面活性剂吸附试验和表面活性剂对PAHs吸附／解吸影响试验)获得了吸附系数,进而获得阻滞因子．基于这些实验室结果,通过CXTFIT2．1软件,用平衡CDE模型拟合了Br^-的BTCs,获得物理和水动力参数;并在此基础上应用CDE非平衡模型拟合PAHs在表面活性剂淋溶条件下土柱中的BTCs以及不同时刻、不同埋深处PAHs浓度的动态变化,预测了PAHs在土柱中的迁移趋势。     

重庆三峡库区农林复合经营可持续发展研究

提出重庆三峡库区实施农林复合经营的重要性及其可持续发展理论和结构类型，并针对存在的问题，提出农林复合经营可持续发展对策。     

秦皇岛市“创模”对策研究及效益分析

介绍了秦皇岛市创建国家环境保护模范城市的意义,重点阐述了完成创模任务的主要对策,包括:构建以旅游业为中心、特色产业互融互促的现代产业体系;加快城乡一体化建设;提升城镇发展质量和水平;加强重大基础设施建设;积极推广清洁能源,深入开展工程节能;积极推进循环经济发展等。秦皇岛市创建国家环境保护模范城市,将会在环境、经济和社会三方面产生明显的综合效益。     

Modelling the fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants in a boreal forest catchment: A cross disciplinary approach to assessing diffuse pollution to surface waters

The fate of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in soils and waters in a northern boreal catchment was explored through the development of a chemical fate model in a well-characterised catchment system dominated by two land types: forest and mire. Input was based solely on atmospheric deposition, dominated by accumulation in the winter snowpack. Release from soils was governed by the HOC concentration in soil, the soil organic carbon fraction and soil-water DOC content. The modelled export of selected HOCs in surface waters ranged between 11 and 250 ng day⁻¹ during the snow covered period, compared to 200 and 9600 ng/d during snow-melt; highlighting the importance of the snow pack as a source of these chemicals. The predicted levels of HOCs in surface water were in reasonable agreement to a limited set of measured values, although the model tended to over predict concentrations of HOCs for the forested sub-catchment, by over an order of magnitude in the case of hexachlorobenzene and PCB 180. This possibly reflects both the heterogeneity of the forest soils and the complicated and changing hydrology experienced between the different seasons.     

Evaluating the ability of habitat suitability models to predict species presences

Models predicting species spatial distribution are increasingly applied to wildlife management issues, emphasising the need for reliable methods to evaluate the accuracy of their predictions. As many available datasets (e.g. museums, herbariums, atlas) do not provide reliable information about species absences, several presence-only based analyses have been developed. However, methods to evaluate the accuracy of their predictions are few and have never been validated. The aim of this paper is to compare existing and new presence-only evaluators to usual presence/absence measures.     

Parameterizing,evaluating and comparing metapopulation models with data from individual-based simulations

Due to the lack of sufficient data and appropriate ecological information parameterizing predictive population dynamical models usually is a difficult task. The approach proposed in this study is meant to overcome this problem by using detailed individual-based simulations to generate artificial data. With short-term data samples, the models to be investigated can be parameterized and their predictions be compared. The flexibility of individual-based simulations as experimental tools also facilitates the evaluation and comparison of different (aggregated) model types. The presented approach is a step towards unifying models of different complexity. As an example we applied it to two metapopulation models of insect species in a highly fragmented landscape: the well-known incidence function model with a patch-based representation of space and a grid-based analogue. The models are tested with respect to their data requirement and recommendations for a better data sampling are derived.     

国家环境保护模范城市现状分析及展望

改革开放以来,在我国经济快速发展的同时,产生了巨大的环境问题,为此,原国家环保总局审时度势,开展了创建国家环境保护模范城市的活动。本文对“创模”考核指标的调整情况进行概括,从总体情况、所属行政区、所属行政区级别、面积4个方面对目前“环保模范”城市状况进行了深入地分析,并对日后的“创模”工作进行了展望。     

高层学生公寓防火体系构建

归纳总结学生高层公寓火灾伤亡事故致因因素,利用事故树分析法对其进行定性分析,得出最小径集,找出控制事故发生的途径,并利用“瑟利模型”建立防火体系,得到此类火灾事故防控措施,即一要通过培训和教育的手段,提高人感觉火灾危险的敏感性,使人处于安全状态并能够迅速、敏捷、正确地做出行为响应;二要保证物处于安全状态,确保电气设备、建筑物本质处于安全状态,并使建筑物能发挥性能化灭火作用,能在一定程度上控制火势,为疏散争取时间.本文能为高校高层学生公寓预防和控制火灾伤亡事故工作提供一定的借鉴作用.     

体育馆出口疏散能力的实验研究

为研究出口单位流量与人流时间之间的关系,以某体育馆为例,进行对某一出口常态下的人流观测实验.通过理论计算和建立Cubic回归模型对采集数据进行了统计分析.发现:单位出口流量最大值为2人/(m·s),稳定值为0.8-1.2人/(m·s),最小值为0.2人/(m·s).出口单位流量是人流时间的三次函数.研究结果表明:出口单位流量是随着时间的变化而变化,不是一个定值,而且单位出口流量稳定值分布在初期.本文对性能化防火设计有一定的参考价值.     

Evaluation of ecological network analysis: Validation of output

Ecological network analysis (ENA) is a modeling approach increasingly being used to evaluate food webs and provide an ecosystem-based approach to resource management. Unfortunately, validation of ENA output is rarely performed. This study represents part of a larger effort to critically evaluate ENA. Here we validate ENA output using stable isotope analysis (SIA), and where validation is not met, determine the effects of modifying trophic networks to reflect validation.