Ecological Function Zoning for Environmental Planning at Different Levels

Environmental planning at different levels has been called for by environmental departments in China during last years to integrate environment consideration to economic development. Based on the accomplished environmental planning practice in Xiamen China, the paper suggests a general environmental planning process with ecological function zoning as its key steps, at the same time an effective method for ecological function zoning was formulated. The case studies of Dongfu suburban town environmental planning and Xiamen eco-city conceptual planning indicate that scientifically sound results of ecological function zoning can contribute to improving not only the adaptability and acceptability of environmental planning, also the environmental management and the decision-making. The experience shows that the ecological function zoning methods should be applied according to the principles of adaptive management, resource-based and community-based, so that it can integrate science into decision-making process, avoiding both narrow-minded viewpoints of planners and natural resource use conflicts among variety of stakeholders. Problems to be resolved in the future are also pointed out in the ending part.     

环境中的主要人工辐射源及其剂量

本文论述了因人类活动而产生的主要人工辐射源的来源、种类以及对人的辐照剂量的估计。     

Chemical trail communication in the amblyoponine species Mystrium rogeri Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae)

Summary. Workers of the amblyoponine species Mystrium rogeri employ trail communication during recruitment to food sources and new nest sites. The trail pheromone originates from a hitherto unknown sternal gland located in the 7th abdominal sternite. The recruiting ant deposits the gland secretions by a special gaster-dragging behavior. The recruitment behavior can be complemented by a rapid vertical body shaking performed by some recruiting ants inside the nest. M. rogeri workers possess a large pygidial gland, the secretion of which elicits a repellent response in other ant species. Received 25 May 1998; accepted 15 June 1998.     

Experiments comparing the use of kites and gas bangers to protect crops from woodpigeon damage

Woodpigeon damage to spring cabbage on two farms in different years was greatly reduced when a large kite was flown over the fields. Protection continued for over 3 months with no sign of habituation to the kite by pigeons. Woodpigeons avoided flying or settling within 250 m of the kite. Damage in fields with a gas banger exceeded that in fields with a kite, especially in severe winter weather. “Humming line” proved ineffectual in reducing damage. On these lowland farms it was necessary to launch the kite on most mornings, but if such launching can be carried out, kites can be effective in reducing damage by woodpigeons.     

High Environmental Cost behind Low China Price

China has won the name of the world factory being famous for exporting a great deal of and various kinds of low-price merchandise. However, most of Chinese exports are primary goods or manufactured products that create heavy pollution and require intensive use of resources. Chinese products go abroad, but their following harms stay behind. The article analyzes many obvious low-price facts in China and their concomitant terrible environmental results in detail, and points out that there are huge hidden troubles in the way of China＇s sustainable development behind her seemingly flourishing economy.     

Sustaining co-operation for coastal sustainability

Coastal-zone sustainability policies are socially constructed. It follows that their effective implementation depends on the sustainable voluntary co-operation of stakeholders with competing interests and priorities. No form of integrated coastal-zone management can nurture such co-operation as long as the objective is to determine ‘best’ policies, derived by expert-based rational analysis, instead of seeking to identify ‘correct’ policies, ones that can draw the maximum possible stakeholder support. The latter task requires a co-operative coastal-zone management that incorporates the relevant public discourse into the policy formation process in a direct, proactive and conflict minimizing manner. Towards this end, four major challenges are examined for maximizing the stakeholders' motivation for voluntary co-operation: (1) optimism about the level of optimism; (2) agenda setting; (3) value discourse; and (4) information and empowerment.     

Bathymetric and core analysis of the Latrobe River delta to assist in catchment management

In this study, an analysis of bathymetric surveys of the Latrobe River delta conducted in 1879 and 1992 is combined with pollen analysis of cores from the delta sediments to assist in setting management priorities for the Latrobe River catchment, a 5000 km²catchment in the south-east of Australia. Reconstructed delta surfaces from 1879 (not long after European settlement of the area) and 1992 were compared to quantify areas of net erosion and deposition. These were compared to post-European deposition depths determined by the presence of exotic pollen species in the sediment. The results indicated that: (1) average sedimentation rates in the receiving lake for the Latrobe River are less than 1 mm yr⁻¹; (2) the deposited material is fine with no material considered as bedload; and (3) the fine nature of the deposited material makes it suitable for carrying a large load of nutrients. These results created a shift in management focus from concern over sedimentation and erosion in general to a greater emphasis on nutrients. While the integrated management of catchments is implicitly contemporary, it should always be performed within a historical context. Failure to do this can lead to management priorities that do not concur with the facts of catchment response and can therefore result in inefficient resource allocation. The use of studies which provide a historical perspective on the problem are therefore critical.     

武义萤石矿床矿物包裹体研究

矿物包裹体研究表明,武义萤石矿床是含矿地热水活动的产物。其形成温度为130°±27℃,压力为47.23-426.96×10~5帕。属于低温浅成热液矿床。冷渗流大气降水在深处受地热影响加热活化,发生水—岩化学反应和物质交换,导致含矿地热水的形成。它在构造作用和热力及压力梯度驱动下回返上升,于地表—近地表裂隙带与大气降水混合,温压骤降,加以冷的含CO_2和O_2的大气降水界入,使成矿物质自溶液中沉淀析出。     

浙江拔茅银矿地质特征及成因

拔茅银矿是浙东中生代火山岩带中近几年新发出的金银矿田,矿床发育于破火山口机构内,矿体主要受NW及近SN向张性硅化破碎带控制。矿床的各种特征表明,其成因属浅成低温热液型。     

Q值的简易测定与地震前兆分析

依据尾波衰减特征，采用测量尾波包络体最大双振幅方法，分别用单次散射和多次散射模式处理了苏、皖、鲁、冀四省４２个ＤＤ－１台站，５１个地震的尾波资料，求出与散射有关的地球介质Ｑ因子，并对Ｑ值随尾波推移时间窗、震中距的变化进行归一法处理，公式如文中式（１１）、（１２），用归一法求得的多次散射模式Ｑ０２值分布图象表明，高Ｑ值与中强地震的活动背景有关，这种简易测定地球介质Ｑ值的方法在地震前兆分析中有着良好的应用前景