铜川斜坡变形与作用因素分析

斜坡变形与失稳活动是黄土高原突出的地质地貌现象．它有较强的致灾性。本文通过陕西铜川斜坡变形的现场实际调查，研究了该地斜坡的形态、物质组成、变形形式以及作用因素等。本研究对厚层黄土区斜坡变形灾害的防治有较重要意义。     

水解酸化-SBR-BAF工艺处理中药废水

分析现有中药废水处理工艺及废水特点,并考虑到废水处理技术改造的要求,采用水解酸化-SBR-BAF法联合处理该中药废水,研究了SBR反应器的曝气时间、温度及原水pH值对系统处理效果的影响。系统进水ρ(COD)为1 249.4~1 444.5 mg/L、ρ(BOD5)为201.2~292.8 mg/L、ρ(SS)为208.7~310.6 mg/L、色度为70~100倍,曝气时间为14 h、温度为20℃、pH值为7时,出水ρ(COD)为123.4~140.8 mg/L、ρ(BOD5)为19.4~26.1 mg/L、ρ(SS)为32.7~60.4 mg/L、色度为36~50倍,COD、BOD5、SS的平均去除率分别达到90.3%、90.7%、81.8%,表明HAT-SBR-BAF法处理该中药废水是可行的。     

Assessing spawning ground hydraulic suitability for Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) from horizontal mean vorticity in Yangtze River

The Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, is an anadromous protected species. Its migration pattern has been blocked since the construction of Gezhouba dam and the length of the natural spawning site reduced to less than 7 km. However, the fish eventually established an alternative spawning ground in the narrow downstream reach of Gezhouba dam. In this article, we applied Delft3D-Flow model to simulate the hydraulic suitability of the spawning ground downstream Gezhouba dam. Horizontal mean vorticity was used to assess the hydraulic environment of spawning ground. The flow field state was determined through model simulation and field-measured data used to validate the model. The computational method was improved by calculating absolute horizontal mean vorticity from estimates the literature. The final vorticity was determined from the simulation output and its distribution pattern retrieved. The horizontal mean vorticity range was 0.71–4.61 10⁻³ s⁻¹ for the entire spawning grounds, with egg mass field upper limit of 1.0 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹. Vorticity strength selection of Chinese sturgeon spawning can enhance our understanding of egg fertilization rate, hence the protection of fertilized eggs. Furthermore, the results of the study would add to existing scientific database for spawning ground hydraulic environment protection, especially in the ecological regulation drive of the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

分子标记技术在石斛属植物中的应用研究进展

石斛作为一种名贵中药,近年来受到国内外研究人员的重视.本文对RFLP技术、位点特异性PCR、RAPD技术、AP-PCR技术、AFLP技术、ISSR技术、SRAP技术、DNA序列分析、基因芯片技术等DNA分子标记技术的基本原理和特点作了简要介绍,DNA分子标记技术为石斛类药材的鉴别提供了更加有效、可靠的鉴定方法.综述了近年来上述分子标记技术在石斛属植物中的应用研究进展,总结了这些技术在中药材鉴定中的地位,并对其发展前景做出了展望.     

黄土高原土壤景观格局特征分析

在地理信息系统支持下,选择多种景观格局指数,从斑块面积、斑块数、斑块周长和多样性的角度对黄土高原地区土壤景观进行了格局特征分析。结果表明,黄土高原地区土壤景观斑块数、面积和周长分布均极不均衡,土壤景观多样性指数较低,反映出黄土高原地区土壤景观破碎化程度较高。     

Seasonal and spatial occurrence and distribution of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rural and urban areas of the North Chinese Plain

Passive air sampling (PAS) was employed to study the occurrence of gaseous and particle-bound PAHs in the North Chinese Plain. The averaged concentrations of gaseous and particle-bound PAHs were 485 ± 209 ng/m³ and 267 ± 161 ng/m³, respectively. The PAHs concentrations at urban sites were generally higher than those at rural ones with ratios <1.5 in spring, summer and fall, but differences between them were not significant for the wintertime and annually averaged concentrations. This urban-rural distribution pattern was related to the PAHs emission sources. PAHs spatial variation can be partially (49%) explained by emission with a simple linear regression method. Both the gaseous and particle-bound PAHs were highest in winter and lowest in summer, with winter/summer ratios of 1.8 and 8, respectively. Emission strength was the most important factor for the seasonality.     

20世纪长江的3次巨洪

分析了形成20世纪长江3次巨洪的3个遥相关因子：（1）太阳黑子活动;（2）厄尔尼诺事件,（3）青藏高原南部大震。依据长江巨洪和遥相关因子的基本事实,讨论了长江发生巨洪的统计规律。指出当3个因子的出现时间互相重叠时,长江很可能发生巨洪,这对长江巨洪的超长期预测具有重要的指导作用。     

青藏高原东端甘肃舟曲牙豁口滑坡复活机理研究

为深入研究青藏高原古滑坡复活机理,以甘肃舟曲县东山镇牙豁口滑坡为对象,通过对INSAR监测数据和现场地表监测数据的深入分析,探讨了舟曲县东山镇牙豁口滑坡的滑动变形阶段,并揭示其复活驱动机理.鉴于牙豁口滑坡最先启动块体高陡的后壁和侧壁失稳下滑形态可知,降雨可能只是一个诱发因子,真正触发牙豁口滑坡复活的根本原因是滑坡后缘岩...     

黄土高原沙棘灌丛资源保护和发展问题

沙棘适合于在干旱瘠溥的黄土高原地区生长，在黄土高原生态恢复、环境治理和经济发展中成效显著，近年来沙棘灌丛资源发展迅速。但由于在沙棘灌丛资源保护和发展中还存在不少问题，使黄土高原区域整体效益并不理想。文章研究了黄土高原地区沙棘灌丛资源的类型，共有6个群系；分析了黄土高原沙棘灌丛资源的现状和效益，其在工矿废弃地治理、砒砂岩区治理、沙化土地治理、水土保持等方面作用明显，对当地畜牧业、食品工业、医药业起到促进作用；探讨了存在的主要问题，一是资源发展问题，二是保护问题，三是管理问题，四是科学技术问题；最后从多个方面提出了黄土高原沙棘灌丛资源保护与发展的对策，     

黄土丘陵区沙棘的蒸腾特性及影响因子

结合1998年半干旱黄土丘陵区安塞的观测资料,对沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoidesL.)的蒸腾特性及影响因子进行了分析。结果表明：（1）沙棘蒸强度具有明显的日变化和季节变化,安塞4－6龄沙棘5－9月份的月份均值为0．6346gg^-1h^-1;（2）沙棘蒸腾强度与气候因子（气温、相对湿度、光合有效辐射）间有显著的相关关系;相关系数为0．9544－0．9692,其中光合有效辐射对蒸腾强度影响最大,气温次之,相对湿度最小;沙棘蒸腾强度的季节变化与降雨量及林地土壤水分间有十分显著的相关关系。相关系数为0．9629－0．9809;（3）沙棘蒸腾强度与气孔导度间有十分显著的相关关系。气孔导度增大,沙棘蒸腾强度增大,反之则减小,相关系数为0．9791,这为分析沙棘蒸腾对环境因子的响应程度,分析沙棘最适的水分生态条件,提高沙棘抗旱造林成活率,水分利用效率提供了科学依据。图6参4参11