江苏太仓5.1级地震震害及启示

本文对江苏太仓5.1级地震造成的灾因进行了较为客观的分析,并在此基础上,提出了相应的对策。     

结构风灾经济损失模型在GIS中的应用

在城市抗风防灾研究中，采用GIS技术已成为一种必要的手段，但现有结构风灾经济损失模型参数多，不易采集，造成建立GIS数据库具有一定的困难。因此，简化模型，降低数据采集难度的工作量是十分必要的，本文采用样本计算，制成表格供查询使用，在保证计算精度的前提下，使参数由12个减为2个，大大降低了数据采集和GIS数据库建立的难度。     

黄土高原水土流失治理若干问题的反思

本文通过对黄土高原半个世纪治理的反思 ,认为区域产业结构的调整及城市化水平的迅速提高是解决水土流失加剧及环境恶化的根本。同时 ,文章对小流域综合治理模式进行了总结 ,并提出黄土高原水土流失治理在区域综合发展、机制创新、资金筹措等方面应遵循的原则     

我国中西部生态脆弱带坡耕地水土流失及坡地梯化

中西部生态脆弱带是我国坡耕地集中分布地区 ,坡耕地水土流失是中西部生态脆弱带水土流失的主要类型 ,坡地梯化是防治坡耕地水土流失和实现坡耕地可持续利用的重要措施 ,国家应加大投资力度开展以坡地梯化为中心的坡耕地综合开发整治工作     

乌江流域（四川部分）水土流失及其防治对策

根据径流场观测材料、调查资料及历史事实,论述了乌江流域(四川部分)的水土流失现状、特点、危害及导致水土流失的自然因素和人为因素。针对该流域水土流失特点和原因提出了防治对策。     

环境污染事故风险预测评估模式研究

从环境风险到环境污染事故演变的一般规律入手,提出了环境污染事故风险预测评估模式,为环境污染事故风险评估、预防与应急响应提供科学手段。环境污染事故风险预测评估模式的提出,一方面丰富和发展了环境安全与应急响应理论;另一方面,对公共安全、企业安全管理与应急响应等工作具有一定指导意义。     

洪水泥石流等自然灾害对旅游景区的破坏作用研究

通过泥石流灾害模拟模型与灾害损失率计算方法了解旅游景区的损失状况,研究自然灾害对旅游景区的破坏作用。旅游景区洪灾模拟模型由分流模型与汇流模型构成,根据泥石流多相流成分中固液两相分离原则构建泥石流分流模型;引用DEM数据得到泥石流流域栅格的汇流方向,根据经验模型计算汇流用时,采用八方向方法获取河道信息,基于这些数据构建泥石流模拟的汇流模型,采用ArcGis软件实时呈现该模型的泥石流灾害模拟效果;结合ArcGis软件显示的灾情数据,采用洪灾损失率计算方法获取旅游景区自然灾害损失率。实验结果表明,该模型计算旅游景区建筑损失率误差均小于5%,在有效模拟泥石流灾害的同时,可准确描述自然灾害对旅游景区的破坏作用。     

Environmental awareness and biodiversity conservation among resettled communal farmers in Gwayi Valley Conservation Area,Zimbabwe

This study was conducted in Gwayi Valley Conservation Area in Zimbabwe. The objective was to evaluate the level of environmental awareness raising among rural communities resettled by government in a wildlife conservation area and their behavior and actions towards biodiversity conservation. We selected three communities based on the degree of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns by various government departments and non-governmental organizations. This formed a gradient of exposure to environmental awareness campaigns, ranging from the most accessible and exposed community (Hangano), moderately exposed (Gwayi) through to the least accessible and exposed community (Karna). We used focus group discussions, key informant interviews and structured interviews with 95 respondents in the selected communities from November 2016 to April 2017. Through public awareness raising, a number of conservation groups were established including fire and hunting committees, anti-poaching teams and environmental resource monitors. While these groups were found to be either inactive or less effective in Gwayi and Karna, all were found to be very active and effective in Hangano. Similarly, community behavior and actions that caused biodiversity loss such as indiscriminate cutting of live trees, poaching, streambank cultivation, fishing in rivers with nets and use of sledges were much reduced in Hangano than in Gwayi and Karna. Frequent environmental awareness campaigns played a critical role in promoting biodiversity in Hangano. We conclude that substantial gains can be made in environmental conservation by investing more in public awareness campaigns, particularly in developing countries such as Zimbabwe where financial resources for conservation are scarce.     

南京市20种蔬菜氟、硫、氯元素含量研究

从１９９１年起连续三年在南京市的四个主要蔬菜基地采集了不同季节的２０种常用蔬菜样品，测定了食用部位中氟、硫、氯３种元素的含量。统计分析结果表明，三元素平均含量均明显高于清洁对照点，叶菜类蔬菜与对照差异显著，其他大部分蔬菜与对照差异不明显；三元素中氟污染最重，氯次之，硫最轻，且硫、氯含量有逐年减小趋势；工业大气污染源对蔬菜品质有一定影响，应注意蔬菜基地的合理布局。