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81.
82.
83.
Nieto Castillo AM Soriano JJ García-Delgado RA 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(2):153-157
A laboratory study has been carried out to determine the feasibility of in situ remediation of chromium (VI)-contaminated
soil using electrodialysis in relation to its speciation in soil. This technique is best suited for low-permeability soils
or sediments, which may be difficult to remediate by other means and implies the application of a low-intensity direct current
to the soil, which is separated from the electrode compartments by ion-exchange membranes. A clayey soil was prepared for
use in the experiments and was characterized before being mixed with a solution of potassium dichromate for several days to
produce a final Cr content of 4,056 mg/kg of soil dry wt. Remediation tests were carried out under constant-voltage conditions
for periods of 7–14 days and the evolution of applied current to the cell, pH, and conductivity of the electrolytes were recorded
periodically. Fractionation of chromium was determined for soil samples before and after remediation using a standardized
four-step sequential extraction procedure (SEP) with acetic acid, hydroxylamine, hydrogen peroxide, and aqua regia solutions.
Results show that chromium is mobilized from the most labile phases (soluble/exchangeable/carbonate). In a 15 V test, SEP
results show that the amount of chromium extracted in the first step drops from 80% to 9%, but also that changes in the total
chromium distribution occur during the treatment with some transferred to other soil phases that are more difficult to mobilize. 相似文献
84.
研究了新试剂二安替比林邻烯丙氧基本基甲烷(DAoPM)与钻(Ⅵ)的显色反应,在磷酸介质中,Mn(Ⅱ)存在下,DAoPM和铬(Ⅵ)生成橙色产物,λmax=480nm,ε=3.53×105L·mol-1·cm-1。铬(Ⅵ)含量在0~100μg/L内符合比耳定律.方法用于环境水样中铬(Ⅵ)和总铬的测定,结果满意。 相似文献
85.
86.
对空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测铬(Cr)时共存元素对其测定结果的干扰进行研究。结果表明,当ρ(共存元素)/ρ(Cr)100时,Mg、Co、Al、V、Ni、Fe、Na、Ca对Cr测定有影响,而K、Mn、Zn、Mo、Pb、Si、Cu均不影响Cr的测定;当ρ(共存元素)/ρ(Cr)为10和30时,加入1%HNO_3和2%NH_4Cl可消除干扰;当ρ(共存元素)/ρ(Cr)30时,加入5%HCl和超过1%的NH_4Cl可消除干扰;5%HCl作为介质消除Cr测定干扰的效果要优于1%HNO_3介质。 相似文献
87.
Wastewater pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially
chromium pollution in wastewater sources from dyeing and tannery has affected the life on earth. This pollution can affect
all ecosystems and human health directly or by food chain. Therefore, the determination of chromium in this study is of great
importance. Dil Creek is located in the eastern Marmara region and discharges into the Izmit Gulf. This water source is used
for irrigation in agriculture and as drinking water for animals. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective method for
the speciative direct determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water samples collected from the nearest station
to Izmit Gulf of Dil Creek in May 2006 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been developed.
An analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. As the result of the chromium analysis,
the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Cr (III), Cr (VI) and total Cr were founded as 0.0111 ± 0.0002 mg/l (RSD, 1.80%),
0.0592 ± 0.0010 mg/l (RSD, 1.70%) and 0.0703 ± 0.0020 mg/l (RSD, 2.84%) respectively. In addition, the general mathematical
formula has been developed to calculate the concentration of Cr(III), which can be applied to any other metal species. The
result of Cr (VI) analysis indicated that water quality of Creek was IV. class quality according to the inland water classification.
In order to validate the applied method, recovery studies were performed. 相似文献
88.
Tomo Kakitani Toshimitsu Hata Takeshi Kajimoto Hideki Koyanaka Yuji Imamura 《Journal of environmental management》2009
The disposal of wood waste treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a problem in many countries. We have proposed a novel chelating extraction technique for CCA-treated wood using bioxalate, a solution of oxalic acid containing sufficient sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 3.2, which is an effective way to obtain an extraction efficiency of 90% for chromium, copper, and arsenic. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of bioxalate extraction of CCA-treated wood. Extractions of CCA-treated western hemlock chips with solutions of bioxalate, oxalic acid, and sodium hydroxide were carried out. The use of bioxalate was confirmed as the most effective extraction technique for chromium, copper and arsenic, with an efficiency of 90%. Extraction with simple oxalic acid was ineffective for copper (less than 40% extraction efficiency), but effective for chromium and arsenic, with 90% efficiency. Sodium hydroxide showed a similar tendency, being ineffective for chromium and copper (less than 20% extraction efficiency), but relatively effective for arsenic (around 70–80% efficiency). We also discovered an interesting phenomenon whereby the addition of sodium hydroxide to a simple oxalic acid solution during the oxalic acid extraction progress resulted in dramatically increased extraction efficiency for copper, chromium and arsenic, up to 90%. Although oxalic acid was ineffective for copper extraction, the addition of sodium hydroxide during the oxalic acid extraction process rendered it effective. 相似文献
89.
Stream-bed sediment samples were collected in 2001 and 2004 along the Fratta-Gorzone River (Italy) to assess the level of
heavy metal contamination. The river stretch most affected by discharges of tannery effluent showed total and pseudo-total
Cr levels (up to 2,860 mg/kg) that greatly exceed national and international chemical sediment quality standards. The most
contaminated section of the river bed is located downstream of the main industrial discharge. However, a large fraction of
the Cr present in the sediment appears to be of lithogenic origin. At most sites, more than 50% of Cr is not soluble in aqua-regia
and thus unlikely to be very mobile or easily bio-available. A negligible risk to the benthic community can be inferred for
Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Ni. This work highlights the limitation of using existing chemical sediment quality standards alone for
risk assessment. The collection and analysis of suspended solids, the determination of river discharge and of dissolved Cr
at 10 field stations allowed to estimate the particulate and dissolved Cr load and to locate the river stretch that was the
likely source of contaminated sediment. The pumping of dilution water from the Adige River into the Fratta-Gorzone River did
not produce the expected contaminant dilution effect due to re-suspension of contaminated solid particles and the release
of Cr in solution. 相似文献
90.
Mobility and recalcitrance of organo-chromium(III) complexes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a major industrial pollutant. Bioremediation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is a viable clean-up approach. However, Cr(VI) bioreduction also produces soluble organo–Cr(III) complexes, and little is known about their behavior in the environment. When tested with soil columns, citrate–Cr(III) showed little sorption to soil; malate–Cr(III) had limited partitioning with soil; and histidine–Cr(III) exhibited significant interaction with soil. It appears that the mobility varies depending on the organic ligand. Further, Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pAO1 readily degraded malate, citrate, and histidine, but not the corresponding organo–Cr(III) complexes. The recalcitrance is not due to toxicity, but the complexes are likely to cause hindrance to enzymes, as malate dehydrogenase and amino acid oxidase could not use malate–Cr(III) and histidine–Cr(III), respectively. The data are in agreement with the reports of soluble organo–Cr(III) complexes in the environment. 相似文献