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101.
Wastewater pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially
chromium pollution in wastewater sources from dyeing and tannery has affected the life on earth. This pollution can affect
all ecosystems and human health directly or by food chain. Therefore, the determination of chromium in this study is of great
importance. Dil Creek is located in the eastern Marmara region and discharges into the Izmit Gulf. This water source is used
for irrigation in agriculture and as drinking water for animals. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective method for
the speciative direct determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water samples collected from the nearest station
to Izmit Gulf of Dil Creek in May 2006 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been developed.
An analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. As the result of the chromium analysis,
the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Cr (III), Cr (VI) and total Cr were founded as 0.0111 ± 0.0002 mg/l (RSD, 1.80%),
0.0592 ± 0.0010 mg/l (RSD, 1.70%) and 0.0703 ± 0.0020 mg/l (RSD, 2.84%) respectively. In addition, the general mathematical
formula has been developed to calculate the concentration of Cr(III), which can be applied to any other metal species. The
result of Cr (VI) analysis indicated that water quality of Creek was IV. class quality according to the inland water classification.
In order to validate the applied method, recovery studies were performed. 相似文献
102.
103.
Tomo Kakitani Toshimitsu Hata Takeshi Kajimoto Hideki Koyanaka Yuji Imamura 《Journal of environmental management》2009
The disposal of wood waste treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a problem in many countries. We have proposed a novel chelating extraction technique for CCA-treated wood using bioxalate, a solution of oxalic acid containing sufficient sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 3.2, which is an effective way to obtain an extraction efficiency of 90% for chromium, copper, and arsenic. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of bioxalate extraction of CCA-treated wood. Extractions of CCA-treated western hemlock chips with solutions of bioxalate, oxalic acid, and sodium hydroxide were carried out. The use of bioxalate was confirmed as the most effective extraction technique for chromium, copper and arsenic, with an efficiency of 90%. Extraction with simple oxalic acid was ineffective for copper (less than 40% extraction efficiency), but effective for chromium and arsenic, with 90% efficiency. Sodium hydroxide showed a similar tendency, being ineffective for chromium and copper (less than 20% extraction efficiency), but relatively effective for arsenic (around 70–80% efficiency). We also discovered an interesting phenomenon whereby the addition of sodium hydroxide to a simple oxalic acid solution during the oxalic acid extraction progress resulted in dramatically increased extraction efficiency for copper, chromium and arsenic, up to 90%. Although oxalic acid was ineffective for copper extraction, the addition of sodium hydroxide during the oxalic acid extraction process rendered it effective. 相似文献
104.
Stream-bed sediment samples were collected in 2001 and 2004 along the Fratta-Gorzone River (Italy) to assess the level of
heavy metal contamination. The river stretch most affected by discharges of tannery effluent showed total and pseudo-total
Cr levels (up to 2,860 mg/kg) that greatly exceed national and international chemical sediment quality standards. The most
contaminated section of the river bed is located downstream of the main industrial discharge. However, a large fraction of
the Cr present in the sediment appears to be of lithogenic origin. At most sites, more than 50% of Cr is not soluble in aqua-regia
and thus unlikely to be very mobile or easily bio-available. A negligible risk to the benthic community can be inferred for
Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Ni. This work highlights the limitation of using existing chemical sediment quality standards alone for
risk assessment. The collection and analysis of suspended solids, the determination of river discharge and of dissolved Cr
at 10 field stations allowed to estimate the particulate and dissolved Cr load and to locate the river stretch that was the
likely source of contaminated sediment. The pumping of dilution water from the Adige River into the Fratta-Gorzone River did
not produce the expected contaminant dilution effect due to re-suspension of contaminated solid particles and the release
of Cr in solution. 相似文献
105.
Mobility and recalcitrance of organo-chromium(III) complexes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a major industrial pollutant. Bioremediation of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is a viable clean-up approach. However, Cr(VI) bioreduction also produces soluble organo–Cr(III) complexes, and little is known about their behavior in the environment. When tested with soil columns, citrate–Cr(III) showed little sorption to soil; malate–Cr(III) had limited partitioning with soil; and histidine–Cr(III) exhibited significant interaction with soil. It appears that the mobility varies depending on the organic ligand. Further, Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pAO1 readily degraded malate, citrate, and histidine, but not the corresponding organo–Cr(III) complexes. The recalcitrance is not due to toxicity, but the complexes are likely to cause hindrance to enzymes, as malate dehydrogenase and amino acid oxidase could not use malate–Cr(III) and histidine–Cr(III), respectively. The data are in agreement with the reports of soluble organo–Cr(III) complexes in the environment. 相似文献
106.
A nanocomposite composed of metal-phosphates and chromium oxide was prepared from a Cr(III)-containing electroplating sludge (CES) by a facile three-step (extraction–precipitation–calcination) process. Optimal process parameters were determined, and the structure of the metal-phosphate/chromium oxide nanocomposite (MPCON) was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the optimal extraction pH is 2.0. The MPCON presents a polyhedral morphology with average particle size of around 100 nm. The components of MPCON vary from AlPO4/Cr2O3 to Mg3(PO4)2/AlPO4/Cr2O3 at different solution pH during precipitation. Meanwhile, the optical performance of the nanocomposite as a pigment is discussed. The reflectance of MPCON-6.5 in the near-infrared range is around 56%, making it a strong prospect to be used as a functional pigment in energy-efficient buildings. This study proposes a novel recycling process for the conversion of CES into high-value products, which is beneficial for the treatment of waste. 相似文献
107.
The effect of phthalic acid (benzene 1,2 dicarboxylic acid), a surrogate compound for natural organic matter, and of humic acid, on the adsorption of chromium to the surface of minerals was observed. In ternary systems involving phthalic acid, chromium(III) adsorption decreases on clays, probably because of aqueous Cr(III)-phthalate complexation, preventing ionic-exchange. Phthalic acid was also found to reduce chromium(VI) adsorption onto alumina, because of a competitive effect. In ternary systems involving humic acid, Cr(III) adsorption is increased in the low pH range because of the formation of surface ternary complex S-L-Cr(III) and is decreased in the high pH range because of aqueous Cr(III)-humate complexation. 相似文献
108.
109.
Liviana Leita Alja Margon Iztok Ar?on Marco Contin 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1862-1866
The interaction between hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), as K2CrO4, and standard humic acids (HAs) in bulk solution was studied using three complementary analytical methods: UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and differential pulse stripping voltammetry. The observed UV-Vis and X-ray absorption spectra showed that, under our experimental conditions, HAs did not induce reduction of Cr(VI) to its trivalent chemical form. The interaction between Cr(VI) and HAs has rather led to the formation of Cr(VI)-HAs micelles via supramolecular chemical processes. The reported results could contribute towards explaining the relative persistence of ecotoxic hexavalent chromium in soils. 相似文献
110.