聚碳酸酯中低应变率范围下动态力学性能研究

目的研究聚碳酸酯材料在一定温度下中低应变率范围内的力学性能。方法利用高速液压伺服材料试验机和非接触测试分析系统,在不同温度(-45~70℃)下对聚碳酸酯材料进行应变率范围(0.05~60 s-1)的动态拉伸试验,获得各温度不同应变率下的真实应力-真实应变曲线。结果聚碳酸酯材料的屈服强度和流动应力随着应变率的增加而增加,随着温度的增加而降低。结论聚碳酸酯材料在此温度和应变率范围下具有明显的应变率强化效应和温度软化效应。     

我国循环经济发展路径的思考

通过对EKC理论研究,对我国环境经济指标变化情况进行分析,判断目前发展阶段,对我国发展循环经济模式应采取的措施及有效路径进行了展望。     

构建促进循环经济型服务业发展的保障体系

循环经济是促进可持续发展的重要手段,服务业近年来在我国发展迅速,由此造成的环境问题也日见突出,用循环经济的理念对服务业进行引导显得很有意义。发展循环型经济、建立循环型社会是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现形式。本文剖析了我国在发展循环经济型服务业方面诸多应改进和进行创新的内容,利用循环经济的理论从行政、法律、经济、社会等方面探讨了循环经济型服务业建设实施的保障体系,为服务业按循环经济的规律运行作了有益的探索。     

染料中间体废水的逆流漂洗法处理

将逆流漂洗工艺应用于4－乙酰基－2－氨基苯甲醚生产上，可使生产过程中产生的硫酸浓度为2％的硝化废水，浓缩成浓度为30％－40％的浓废酸，可供化肥厂综合利用生产硫铵肥料，从而实现生产废水零排放。实验室和生产规模试验均表明，采用该工艺后，产品的平均得率提高4．1％，产品质量的所有指标达到且超过企业标准（Q／320221NCB02－91）。     

农业循环经济尝试及探讨

循环经济是一种新型经济发展模式,它具有广泛适用性和高度的综合性,它不但应用于工业领域,同样也适用于农业领域。建设资源循环型农业必然要注入循环经济的理念,使经济活动与自然生态系统的物质循环规律相吻合,从而实现工农业生产生态化。     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

利用生活垃圾填埋场上建设飞灰固化物填埋场适宜性探讨

针对利用原有生活垃圾填埋场改扩建飞灰固化物填埋场,从勘查设计和建设角度,通过与常规生活垃圾填埋的安全和环保各相关因素对比,分析扩建前后填埋场稳定性、防渗及导排系统等勘察设计要点,研讨扩建工程新老填埋堆体基础层、防渗及导排系统等安全环保关键技术及扩建的适宜性,为扩建的可行性研究提出较为系统的技术论证思路.     

亚铁－过氧化氢氧化法处理染料中间体H酸生产废液的研究

Ｈ酸生产过程中排出的废液中含有大量萘的衍生物,对生物具有毒性,是目前最难处理的废水之一。本研究采用亚铁－过氧化氢氧化法对该废液进行处理,以改善它的可生化性能,降低水中有机物的溶解性,提高混凝处理效率。结果表明,最佳pH值为2～4,亚铁的适宜投加量为200mg/L,当H₂O₂投加量为30g/L时,COD去除率为50％,废水已具有可生化性。经亚铁－过氧化氢氧化处理（H₂O₂的投加量为3g/L）后的废液,再用FeCl₃进行两级混凝处理（FeCl₃的量分别为15和5g/L）,COD的去除率达90％,H酸氧化过程中,HO先和萘环上的钝化基团发生置换反应,使萘环活化,进一步氧化,萘环裂解,最终转化为无机物。研究结果对提高该种废水生物处理效率有实用意义。     

Opportunities for redistributed manufacturing and digital intelligence as enablers of a circular economy

The linear production of consumer goods is characterised by mass manufacture by multinational enterprises and globally dispersed supply chains. The current centralised model has created a distance between the manufacturer and end user, limiting the opportunity for intelligent circular approaches for production and consumption. Through a mixed method approach, opportunities of circularity are explored for the consumer goods sector. The study presents four lenses to analyse three enterprises through a multi-case study approach to explore the potential of digital intelligence and redistributed manufacturing (RDM) as enablers of circular business models. In addition, the study examines whether Discrete Event Simulation can be used to evaluate the circular scenarios identified through quantifying flows of material that determine traditional economic value (cost/tonne). The mixed method approach demonstrates that, a qualitative systemic analysis can reveal opportunities for circularity, gained through implementing ‘digital intelligence’ and distributed models of production and consumption. Furthermore, simulations can provide a quantified evaluation on the effects of introducing circular activities across a supply chain.     

基于TOPSIS方法的苏州市循环经济发展绩效评价研究

借助绩效评价理论探索分析了循环经济发展评价的指标和方法,并尝试运用多目标决策方法中的嫡值法（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS）开展研究试点。通过对苏州市1997～2008年间的循环经济发展绩效进行综合评价,结果表明,10年来苏州市循环经济绩效水平呈U型发展趋势,近年来发展势头良好,但未来在提高低能耗第三产业比例、降低纺织业综合能耗、提高工业电力利用率等方面需要采取更有力的措施;苏州市循环经济发展绩效评价指标体系能够较好地反映该市循环经济发展状况,对于苏南同类城市有一定的借鉴意义;TOPSIS方法较好地避免了主观因素在综合分析过程中的影响,但无法就各评价因子对结果的影响程度、影响途径等进行更深层次的分析,需注意与其他方法相结合。