对硫磷的臭氧降解动力与机制

研究了臭氧降解对硫磷的机制、降解中间产物及影响因素。结果表明,对硫磷的臭氧降解是一个臭氧直接氧化为主和羟基自由基间接氧化为辅的氧化过程,并遵循假二级动力学。50mM离子清除剂叔丁醇使对硫磷的降解速率常数从0．09372min^-1降到0．06397min^-1,但溶液pH值对降解速率常数则无明显影响。通过GC／MS分析,确定了对氧磷为对硫磷的臭氧降解中间产物。较高的对硫磷起始浓度和离子清除剂的存在不利于对氧磷进一步降解。     

发展循环经济 保护生态环境——以洛阳生生乳业有限公司农业循环经济发展模式为例

以洛阳生生乳业开展的循环经济模式为例,进行了产业模式介绍,分析了发展循环经济与环境保护的关系,进行了经济效益、社会效益、及环境效益的分析。     

生物膜电极法降解硝基苯的研究

文章研究了生物膜电极对硝基苯的降解。初始浓度43mg/L时,培养驯化后的生物膜电极对硝基苯的24h去除率可达94.52%。继续提高硝基苯初始浓度,实验得到的峰值降解能力为296mg/dm.2d。动力学特征分析表明,降解为底物抑制的生物催化。质谱检测了硝基苯降解中间产物,并推测其开环途径为还原过程,阴极还原性对开环历程起到关键性影响。     

探索齐齐哈尔发展循环经济促进经济转型的思路

为改变传统的粗放型的生产方式,保护生态环境,现就齐齐哈尔发展循环经济促进经济转型的思路进行探索.     

工业生态系统边界障碍问题研究

工业生态系统边界障碍问题是工业生态和循环经济研究领域的重要问题。目前学术界对这一问题尚未开展相关研究。结合我国当前循环经济发展所面临的向更大范围扩展的任务,对工业生态系统进行了定义并对工业生态系统边界的研究状况进行了归纳分析。在此基础上,提出并定义了工业生态系统的边界障碍问题,建立了工业生态系统边界障碍问题的研究框架,指出了开展工业生态系统边界障碍问题研究的内容。     

Towards a Closed-Loop Materials Economy

Abstract

This paper introduces the recent appearance of a circular economy in such industrialized countries as Germany and Japan and outlines its concept and principles. The author emphasizes that a circular economy should become the breakthrough point for sustainable development and will enable a shift to a sustainable society of “doing less with less” away from the current high-consumption society of “doing more with more”     

石化企业中间罐区VOCs治理工艺选择与流程优化

石化企业中间罐区VOCs排放量较大,多采用吸收、冷凝、膜分离及其组合工艺进行处理。本文采用AspenPlus软件分别对高、中、低浓度中间罐区VOCs废气应用上述3种工艺及其工艺组合的处理效果进行模拟计算。结果表明:中间罐区的VOCs经过不同组合的二级处理后,尾气VOCs质量浓度约为9～50 g/m~3,后续仍需采用深度处理工艺以满足新的国家及地方污染物排放标准要求;同时,对比3种工艺能耗情况,冷凝法最低,膜分离法次之,吸收法最高,约为冷凝法能耗的5～10倍。以上模拟计算结果与实际工况数据基本符合,证明采用Aspen Plus软件进行石化企业中间罐区VOCs治理工艺选择与流程优化是可行的,具有一定的参考价值。     

电化学氧化除氨氮过程中羟基自由基及中间产物定量分析

采用高效液相色谱对电化学氧化除氨氮过程,不同电流密度,Cl-浓度及初始pH值的·OH进行定量检测和分析,同时,对不同初始pH值和电流密度下,电化学氧化除氨氮的中间产物进行了定量分析,结果表明:·OH产生量与电流密度成正比,当有Cl-存在,且在碱性条件下会抑制·OH的产生;初始pH值为偏碱性时,NO2-和氯胺的产量均有所增加.建议电化学氧化脱氨氮过程,尽量保持溶液pH值在中性或酸性条件下;电流密度对氨氮电化学氧化过程中各中间产物的量有着较大影响,在电流密度为10mA/cm2时,活性物质产量最高,且有害中间产物产量最低.     

超滤应用于中水系统反渗透浓水回用的试验研究

河北某电厂拟将中水系统中反渗透浓水采用超滤处理进行回用,研究了浓水水质以及pH值对超滤处理效果的影响。结果表明,pH值在5.5左右时超滤处理效果最好,对该浓水中的有机物和硅的去除效果明显。     

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

• Economics of food waste treatment projects at 29 pilot cities in China was examined. • Roles of location, population size, processing technique, and income were studied. • Economic benefits were limited with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. • Service population size affects construction economics significantly (P = 0.016). • Choice of food waste processing technique affects operating economics notably. This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them. National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples. The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’ perspective, in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase, was assessed. Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan, with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies. It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities, which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China. Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location, service population size, processing techniques, and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment. Population size exerted the highest impact (P = 0.016) during the construction stage, and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage. The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects. The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.