Seat belt use and fit among drivers aged 75 years and older in their own vehicles

Objective: This article aims to describe seat belt wearing patterns and quality of seat belt fit among drivers aged 75 years and older. A secondary aim is to explore associations between body shape, comfort, and seat belt use patterns.

Methods: This is an observation and survey study of a cohort of 380 drivers aged 75 years and over. During home visits, photographs were taken of the drivers in their vehicles for later analysis of belt fit and a short survey was also administered to collect demographic data and information about seat belt use and comfort. Seat belt fit and use of belt and seat accessories were analyzed from the photographs.

Results: Data from 367 participants with photographs were analyzed. Whereas 97% reported using a seat belt and 90% reported their seat belt to be comfortable, 21% reported repositioning their seat belt to improve comfort. Good sash and lap belt fit were achieved in 53 and 59% of participants, respectively, but only 35% achieved overall good fit. Both poor sash and lap belt fit were observed in 23% of participants. Drivers who were in the obese category had over twice the odds (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–4.1) of having a poor lap belt fit than those in the normal body mass index [BMI] range, and drivers who were overweight had 1.8 times the odds (95% CI, 1.1–2.9) of having poor lap belt fit. Older females also had twice the odds (95% CI, 1.3–3.5) of poor lap belt fit compared to older males, regardless of BMI. Sash belt fit did not vary significantly by BMI, stature, or gender. However older drivers who reported that they had not made any adjustments to the D-ring height had 1.7 times the odds of having poor sash belt fit than those who made adjustments (1.2–2.9). Females were 7.3 times more likely to report comfort problems than males (95% CI, 3.2, 16.3) but there was no association between reported comfort and BMI or seat belt fit. Drivers who reported comfort problems had 6 times the odds (3.2–13.6) of also reporting active repositioning of the belt.

Conclusions: The results suggest that older drivers face challenges in achieving comfortable and correct seat belt fit. This may have a negative impact on crash protection. Belt fit problems appear to be associated with body shape, particularly high BMI and gender. There is a need for further investigation of comfort accessories; in the interim, older drivers and occupants should be encouraged to use features such as D-ring adjusters to improve sash belt fit.     

河道型水库岸边污染带特性分析

大型水利枢纽工程的兴建,改变了河流水流条件,也影响了污染物在水体中的稀释、扩散、降解和转化过程,其岸边污染带的影响范围将发生变化.笔者通过对湖南衡阳水源污染事件发生时的水流条件、水质状况的分析,对事件发生的水域进行流场及浓度场模拟计算,研究了河道型水库与天然河流岸边污染带的变化特性,并对已通过环境影响评价,但又易被忽视而引起的环境问题,提出了一些初步看法与认识.      

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北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩地球化学特征

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花岗岩风化壳的不均一性与海岸带的可蚀性研究——以南海北大陆海岸带为例

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东南大陆中生代玄武岩岩石系列及其构造意义

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内蒙古农牧交错带农业灾情及其动态变化研究

本文选择我国北方典型易灾、多灾、重灾的区域--内蒙古农牧交错带,通过一系列反映农业灾情的指标,分析了本区农业灾情的现状及空间分布规律,总结出农业灾情的4种主要类型。利用产量偏差率这一指标,用模糊聚类分析方法,进行灾情过程一致性分区,讨论了农业灾情的动态变化规律及区域分界,揭示出不同的区域在减产年出现的时段、减产程度、对应的致灾因子等方面具有不同的特点。     

唐古拉坳陷中-新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩及其成岩构造环境

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