基于气味探测技术的矿井输送机胶带火灾监测

将气味探测技术应用于矿井输送机胶带火灾监测,以较早、准确地探测胶带火灾.煤、橡胶、机油是煤矿井下引发胶带火灾的3种主要可燃物质,气味传感器对这3种物质的受热响应实验表明,气味传感器可以在相对于火灾发生时较低的温度下监测到煤(50℃)、橡胶(65℃)、机油(110℃)受热产生的气味,并以不同温度下传感器的输出变化值(即巷道的气味变化)来判断是否发生了火灾.研究了气味传感器在井下的布置方式,认为气味传感器宜布置在气味浓度较高的混合浓度区,并通过相似理论模拟得出其间距L.     

Continental‐Scale River Flow Modeling of the Mississippi River Basin Using High‐Resolution NHDPlus Dataset

As a key component of the National Flood Interoperability Experiment (NFIE), this article presents the continental scale river flow modeling of the Mississippi River Basin (MRB), using high‐resolution river data from NHDPlus. The Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID) was applied to the MRB with more than 1.2 million river reaches for a 10‐year study (2005‐2014). Runoff data from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was used as input to RAPID. This article investigates the effect of topography on RAPID performance, the differences between the VIC‐RAPID streamflow simulations in the HUC‐2 regions of the MRB, and the impact of major dams on the streamflow simulations. The model performance improved when initial parameter values, especially the Muskingum K parameter, were estimated by taking topography into account. The statistical summary indicates the RAPID model performs better in the Ohio and Tennessee Regions and the Upper and Lower Mississippi River Regions in comparison to the western part of the MRB, due to the better performance of the VIC model. The model accuracy also increases when lakes and reservoirs are considered in the modeling framework. In general, results show the VIC‐RAPID streamflow simulation is satisfactory at the continental scale of the MRB.     

地震对边斜坡稳定性的影响研究

地震作为一种突发式的自然灾害,对边斜坡稳定性的影响是显著的,因此研究边斜坡稳定性在地震动力作用下的变形、破坏具有重要的理论和现实意义.笔者在总结了地震边斜坡稳定性常用的分析方法的基础上.提出了刚体极限平衡法中地震力的确定方法及考虑地震力作用的计算模式,为地震边斜坡的稳定性评价提供了途径,为该类项目防治工程设计提供了科学的依据,值得同类工程借鉴和推广.     

一起带状屑割伤车工双腿事故的原因及预防措施

利用安全系统工程学中事故树分析法对带状屑割伤车工双腿事故进行了分析 ,并提出了防止事故发生的预防措施。     

邻苯二甲酸酯在长江重庆段水体的概率风险分析

以长江重庆段水体12个采样断面4种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的监测结果及水生生物的生态毒性参数无观察效应浓度（NOEC）为基础资料,采用安全阈值和概率曲线分布两种概率风险评价方法分析了邻苯二甲酸酯的相对生态风险。研究结果表明：邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸正丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸双（2 乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的安全阈值分别为4 31079、2171、147、199,对水生生物无风险。以5%水生生物物种受影响作为可接受的效应水平终点（HC5）,采用概率曲线分布进行分析,DBP、DEHP的浓度超过毒性值的风险概率分别为106×10-2、235×10-4,4种邻苯二甲酸酯风险大小依次为：DBP>DEHP>DEP>DMP,与安全阈值法结果一致。两种概率风险方法从不同的角度反映了污染物的生态风险。     

Arsenic in North Carolina: public health implications

Arsenic is a known human carcinogen and relevant environmental contaminant in drinking water systems. We set out to comprehensively examine statewide arsenic trends and identify areas of public health concern. Specifically, arsenic trends in North Carolina private wells were evaluated over an eleven-year period using the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services database for private domestic well waters. We geocoded over 63,000 domestic well measurements by applying a novel geocoding algorithm and error validation scheme. Arsenic measurements and geographical coordinates for database entries were mapped using Geographic Information System techniques. Furthermore, we employed a Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) geostatistical framework, which accounts for geocoding error to better estimate arsenic values across the state and identify trends for unmonitored locations. Of the approximately 63,000 monitored wells, 7712 showed detectable arsenic concentrations that ranged between 1 and 806 μg/L. Additionally, 1436 well samples exceeded the EPA drinking water standard. We reveal counties of concern and demonstrate a historical pattern of elevated arsenic in some counties, particularly those located along the Carolina terrane (Carolina slate belt). We analyzed these data in the context of populations using private well water and identify counties for targeted monitoring, such as Stanly and Union Counties. By spatiotemporally mapping these data, our BME estimate revealed arsenic trends at unmonitored locations within counties and better predicted well concentrations when compared to the classical kriging method. This study reveals relevant information on the location of arsenic-contaminated private domestic wells in North Carolina and indicates potential areas at increased risk for adverse health outcomes.     

乌东德水库坝前段消落带生态类型划分及生态修复模式初探

采用GIS技术,根据高程、坡度、土壤类型等环境特征,将乌东德水库坝前段消落带分为18种生态类型,并完成了高程图、坡度图和土壤类型图,建立了环境特征和消落带类型的直观联系。然后根据不同的生态类型,提出了4种生态修复模式,并选择了10种植物作为生态修复物种。为其它水库消落带生态修复提供了参考依据。     

Cost-effectiveness of tillage methods to reduce phosphorus loss from agricultural land

In this paper, we estimate the cost-effectiveness of tillage methods as a measure to reduce phosphorus loss. The study was based on real-world information on costs. Data on phosphorus loss for different soil tillage methods were modelled. The cost-effectiveness of various soil tillage methods were related to autumn ploughing. The results showed large variation in cost-effectiveness related to erosion risk. Furthermore, spring harrowing was the most cost-effective method to reduce phosphorus loss, followed by autumn harrowing and spring ploughing in spring cereals. Implementation of changed tillage methods showed lower costs for spring cereals compared to winter wheat. The differences in costs between areas were most evident for spring tillage due to differences in yields and agronomic management. Cost-effectiveness is an important criterion in selecting mitigation methods, but due to large variations in the effect of changed tillage, these should be locally adapted to the high risk areas of erosion.     

长江口港口群建设条件与布局

和茳口港口群指以上海港为中心，分南北翼的杭州湾地区与苏北沿海地带以及以长江为中轴的各类港口所组成的组合式港口。它们可以充分利用江海水域资源，建设各类不同层次，不同规模的大中小结合、综合性港与专业性港相配套的港口群体。同时，可以发挥两省一市的积极性，多快好省地建设上海国际航运中心。     

秦岭中段沙沟-营盘金成矿远景区地球化学特征

对秦岭碰撞带两侧的宁陕沙沟 -柞水营盘金成矿远景区的地球化学研究 ,包括了区域地球化学背景、稀土元素地球化学、硫铅同位素组成等。结果表明 ,本区金矿成矿具有多期、多源、多种成因机制的特征。不同容矿岩系中的矿化虽有不同 ,但有一定的成因联系。泥盆系与印支期花岗岩体可能是两个主要的源岩和富集系统