试论城市水环境的建设

本文通过对城市水环境的形成以及加强水环境建设对整个城市建设舒适度的影响和作用的剖析,试着引用了一种国际上较为流行的对河流综合整治的方法,对秦皇岛城市水环境建设提出了一点建议。     

烟台市城市化进程中环境保护的思考

山东省烟台市在加快城市化的进程中,坚持城市环境综合整治、工业污染防治和自然生态保护一齐抓,强化了全市环境保护工作的深入开展,但在进一步的城市化进程中,还应强化高起点的城市定位和城市规划、加强城市环境基础设施建设和城市一体化环境保护工作思路等项工作。     

BRINGING DOWN OUR DAMS: TRENDS IN AMERICAN DAM REMOVAL RATIONALES1

ABSTRACT: Over 76,000 dams have been constructed on American rivers to provide services such as flood protection, water storage, hydroelectric power, and navigation. Although most dams continue to provide sufficient benefits to retain the structure, dam removal is becoming increasingly common. This study involved the construction of a dam removal database to analyze spatial and temporal trends in dam removal. The data included information on 417 cases of dismantled American dams, 153 with known rationales for removal. Database analysis indicated that the leading purposes for dismantling structures are safety concerns and interest in environmental restoration. There is substantial geographic variability in dam removal rationales, with California leading in razing dams for environmental purposes, and Wisconsin leading in economic and safety rationales. States with substantial removals tend to have programs that support and fund dam razing. Although removals for safety reasons have been increasing steadily in the past three decades, environmental removals made a rather dramatic and sudden entry into the dam removal arena in the 1990s. Analysis of spatial and temporal trends in dam razing are of particular significance given the likely increase in dam removals in the 21st Century.     

Securing water for people, crops, and ecosystems: New mindset and new priorities

A fundamentally new approach to water and human development will be needed during this new century if we are to secure sufficient freshwater to meet the needs of some 9 billion people while at the same time protecting the critical ecosystem services upon which the human economy depends. Signs of unsustainable water use — including falling water tables, shrinking lakes, and the drying up of rivers and streams — are widespread and spreading. In many regions, greater modification and appropriation of freshwater systems for human purposes will yield greater costs than benefits and create the risk of irreversible losses of species and ecosystem services. A new mindset is needed to guide water use and management in this new century, one that views the human water economy as a subset of nature's water economy. Living within nature's limits will require that societies satisfy the basic needs of people and ecosystems before non-essential water demands are met. It will require on the order of a doubling of water productivity. And it will require stronger institutions to encourage equitable sharing of water to alleviate tensions within and between countries.     

南海市耕地数量变化驱动力的定量分析

分析了南海市耕地数量变化的特点，并用定性与定量相结合的方法进一步探讨了耕地数量变化的驱动力。结果表明，南海市耕地数量的变化与珠江三角洲耕地数量变化的时间基本一致且与经济发展同步。经济发展、人口增长、基础设施建设及农业结构调整是耕地数量变化的主要驱动力。     

农业产业化经营的地域推进机制研究——以寿光市为例

农业产业化经营是解决困扰我国社会经济发展的“三农”问题的有效途径，而推动区域农业产业化经营快速、健康发展是我国农村许多地区面临的共同课题。文章从农村市场体系建设、主导产业选择与培植、农业产业化组织模式创新三个方面探讨了寿光市农业产业化经营的地域推进机制，对我国其它地区农业产业化经营发展具有指导和借鉴意义。     

攀枝花市资源开发与经济持续发展研究

攀枝花市是我国西部重要的能源、原材料生产基地和资源开发型城市，矿产、水能和农业自然资源是其最具开发优势的资源。从20世纪60年代中期以来大规模的资源开发促进了现代钢铁工业基地和城市社会经济的快速发展，但同时也带来了严重的生态环境问题：地质灾害、环境污染与生态破坏。针对攀枝花市资源开发利用中存在的资源开发结构单一、资源综合利用程度低、生态环境问题突出等问题，作者提出了实现资源合理开发与经济持续发展的相应措施。     

新疆河流水质调查及评价

采用2001年水质监测结果，用单项指标法对新疆河流水质进行评价，对新疆河流水质污染状况依据污染物标准做出分析判断。探讨污染途径及污染原因，寻找地下水水质恶化的根源，加强河流点源与非点源污染治理，为改善新疆河流水质提供依据。     

西北地区生态用水的探讨

我国西北地区多处于干旱气候带，水资源匮乏，生态环境脆弱。为实施西北地区生态恢复与重建，必须合理开发和利用该区有限的水资源，科学地确定社会用水同生态用水的比例，积极保证生态用水，合理利用生态用水，注重生态用水的多重效益。结合西北干旱区实际情况，就这一地区生态用水的开发和利用做了分析阐述。     

黄土湿陷地区长输管线施工弃渣对河道行洪的影响研究

在西气东输管道工程(靖边—临汾段)建设过程中,在河道及河岸荒地弃渣的情况时有发生,这些弃渣将对河道的防洪产生不良影响,极易造成地质灾害。不仅对上、下游居民、厂矿、企业及生态环境造成影响,而且对管线本身的安全也构成威胁。为此提出在施工设计时有必要在附近河岸荒地集中设立弃渣处理场。这种方法可以有效地缩短运渣距离,方便施工,利于管理,可以实现施工、水保、管道安全、经济等因素的良好组合。