危险废物分级管理方法研究

危险废物因具有毒性、易燃性、腐蚀性和反应性等多种危害特性,如果暴露于环境中将会对人类健康和生态环境造成很大威胁.深入分析了欧美等一些国家对危险废物进行分级管理的方法,针对中国目前危险废物的产生现状和管理现状,提出了综合考虑危险废物的产生量和活性大小等各个方面,借助风险评价对危险废物进行分级管理的方法和原则,以及相应的分级管理程序的建议,为完善中国的危险废物管理体系提供参考.     

Predicting tree species presence and basal area in Utah: A comparison of stochastic gradient boosting,generalized additive models,and tree-based methods

Many efforts are underway to produce broad-scale forest attribute maps by modelling forest class and structure variables collected in forest inventories as functions of satellite-based and biophysical information. Typically, variants of classification and regression trees implemented in Rulequest's^© See5 and Cubist (for binary and continuous responses, respectively) are the tools of choice in many of these applications. These tools are widely used in large remote sensing applications, but are not easily interpretable, do not have ties with survey estimation methods, and use proprietary unpublished algorithms. Consequently, three alternative modelling techniques were compared for mapping presence and basal area of 13 species located in the mountain ranges of Utah, USA. The modelling techniques compared included the widely used See5/Cubist, generalized additive models (GAMs), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB). Model performance was evaluated using independent test data sets. Evaluation criteria for mapping species presence included specificity, sensitivity, Kappa, and area under the curve (AUC). Evaluation criteria for the continuous basal area variables included correlation and relative mean squared error. For predicting species presence (setting thresholds to maximize Kappa), SGB had higher values for the majority of the species for specificity and Kappa, while GAMs had higher values for the majority of the species for sensitivity. In evaluating resultant AUC values, GAM and/or SGB models had significantly better results than the See5 models where significant differences could be detected between models. For nine out of 13 species, basal area prediction results for all modelling techniques were poor (correlations less than 0.5 and relative mean squared errors greater than 0.8), but SGB provided the most stable predictions in these instances. SGB and Cubist performed equally well for modelling basal area for three species with moderate prediction success, while all three modelling tools produced comparably good predictions (correlation of 0.68 and relative mean squared error of 0.56) for one species.     

平均综合污染指数在地面水污染分级中的应用

根据对污染物污染分担率，在确定地面水体主要污染物的基础上，计算相应水体不平均综合污染指数、对地面水污染程度进行分级。     

Social determinants of soil and water conservation in rural Kenya

Soil erosion is a major environmental problem and threat to rural development in Kenya. Numerous attempts to address the problem have apparently had little success. There are however some districts that have been very successful, notably Machakos. In this study we search for the factors that determine successful development in soil conservation such as social capital, human capital and market integration. One of our main results is that social capital measures are significant determinants of investment in soil conservation. A better understanding of the relevant mechanisms is essential for developing policies targeting improvement in natural resource management.

Floristic composition and vegetation ecology of the Malindi bay coastal dune field, Kenya

A short outline is given of the floristic composition, structure and distribution of coastal dune vegetation found at Malindi Bay, Kenya. The area was studied by air photo interpretation and field sampling to determine the relationship of plants to aeolian features. TWINSPAN classification was used to distinguish geomorphological units on the basis of their species composition. In this paper, an inventory and first quantitative analysis of vegetation distribution is presented. We identified 174 plant species from 62 families in the sand dunes and several plant communities are distinguished based on the species content and the connection with morphological units.Papilionaceae with 18 species andPoaceae with 17 species were the most represented families. A distinct zonal distribution of the plant communities was found. The most important plant species are the pioneer vegetation consisting ofHalopyrum mucronatum, Ipomoea pescaprae andScaevola plumieri. The woody shrub species which have colonized the established primary dunes and hummock dunes areCordia somaliensis, Pluchea discoridis, Tephrosia purpurea (dunensis). Succulent herbs were identified in the dune slacks and salt marsh that are moist and damp environments.     

冰箱厂喷漆工段废水(废渣)处理方法探讨

针对喷漆工段各类废水的特点，通过静态试验论述了不同性质废水的有效处理方法，提出处理喷漆工段废水应视其特点采用分类别、分方法处理，给出其除油废水宜采用超滤法处理而其它废水混合采用混凝沉淀法的处理方案．     

建设项目环境影响评价工作的分类

根据《建设项目环境保护管理条例》的要求和目前环境影响评价工作分类确定中存在的问题，参考国际上环境评价分类规定，提出我国建设项目新的环境影响评价分类方法和规范化管理的设想。     

环境空气质量功能区划分的基本技术思路

从环保政策出发，依据有关基础资料，结合区域发展规划，以模型计算为基础，现状评价，容量分析和方案优选相结合，确立了环境空气质量功能划分的基本技术方法，具有较强的科学性和系统性。     

国外沙漠化监测评价指标与分级标准

利用国内外有关资料,从狭义沙漠化定义出发,介绍了联合国沙漠化监测评价指标体系、分级标准和评价方法。     

城市环境总体规划视野下的生态环境功能区划——以江苏省泰州市为例

以江苏省泰州市为例,确立生态环境功能与区域发展功能相互关联、协同推进的研究思路,构建表征生态环境功能贡献水平与区域发展需求相融合的评价指标体系。利用GIS空间叠加与聚类分析,分别得出3类指标、5个等级的空间地域差异评价结果,通过三维魔法矩阵分类法进行综合分区,将泰州市划分3种生态环境功能类型区,根据各类功能区现状及发展趋势,提出相应的生态保护与管控措施。