重庆市基于排放绩效的火电行业二氧化硫总量控制研究

本文介绍了排放绩效及排放绩效方法在火电行业二氧化硫总量控制方面的应用，并对重庆市火电机组及其二氧化硫排放状况进行了全面调查，根据重庆市二氧化硫污染防治的需要制定了各时段机组“十一五”期间的排放绩效控制标准，利用排放绩效方法测算了重庆市火电行业二氧化硫总量控制目标，提出了总量配额分配方法。     

Development of a limit state approach for design against gas explosions

The design of topsides against explosions requires the definition of a design over-pressure, however, these values are often treated as deterministic and there is a wide variation within the industry in the treatment and interpretation of the loads.

This paper advocates the adoption of a number of limit state for explosion loading. Events of different magnitudes are differentiated on the basis of frequency and linked to appropriate degree of reliability thus avoiding disproportionate effects from minor events.

The two principal limit states considered are a limit state for all the safety critical systems for relatively high frequency events and a survival condition for low probability events. Parallels are drawn from other branches of engineering where extreme loads have to be designed for.     

我国合成氨工业水污染物治理技术及控制标准

文章分析了我国合成氨工业的特点,污染现状,提出了其水污染物的治理技术,阐明了对相应的排放标准进行适当调整的原因和对新标准进行了说明。     

油田采出水处理技术探讨

对油田采出水进行处理以净化水质,达到各种目的所要求的水质标准,可采用污水回注的处理工艺,污水作为热采锅炉给水处理工艺,污水外排处理工艺。由于不同的水质要求,具体选择最佳的水处理工艺,达到净化水质保护环境的目的。     

燃煤锅炉烟气达标排放下的地面浓度分析

对照国家环保总局最近发布的ＧＷＰＢ３－１９９９《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》,对几种日常最常用的中、小型燃煤锅炉进行了达标排放条件下的地面最大落地浓度预测。结果表明,在烟气达标排放和常规气象春造成的地面ＳＯ２最大落地浓度在国家环境空气质量标准（二级）的２８％以下,远小于规定浓度限值,烟尘的地面影响浓度更可忽略。因此在一般环境影响评价中,只要锅炉烟气做到达标排放,则可不作该两因子的地面浓度预测,由此可大     

钢管混凝土柱耐火性能和抗火设计的特点

简要论述了按ISO－834和GS9978－88规定的标准升温曲线升温作用下钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的特点,分析了影响钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的因素,说明了由于钢管和混凝土的共同工作且核心混凝土具有较好的吸热性能,从而使钢管混凝土柱具有较好的耐火性能。在进行钢管钢混凝土柱的抗火设计时,柱子外围只需进行适当的防火涂料保护,即可达到《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》对柱结构所要求的耐火极限。《高层用民建筑设计防火规范（GB50045－95）》中对钢结构柱防火保护层厚度的确定方法不适合于钢管混凝土。     

稠油废水COD处理工艺研究

通过对多种絮凝剂的试验研究,筛选出UP-11混凝剂,在其投加量为2.4 mL/L时,油与COD去除效果最佳。同时在此基础上采用膜SBR法对絮凝出水做进一步处理,当运行条件为:进水0.5h、曝气4h、沉淀1h、排水0.5h时,出水完全达到国家规定的污水排放标准。     

Nest selection by snow petrels Pagodroma nivea in East Antarctica: Validating predictive habitat selection models at the continental scale

Little is known on the factors controlling distribution and abundance of snow petrels in Antarctica. Studying habitat selection through modeling may provide useful information on the relationships between this species and its environment, especially relevant in a climate change context, where habitat availability may change. Validating the predictive capability of habitat selection models with independent data is a vital step in assessing the performance of such models and their potential for predicting species’ distribution in poorly documented areas.From the results of ground surveys conducted in the Casey region (2002–2003, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica), habitat selection models based on a dataset of 4000 nests were created to predict the nesting distribution of snow petrels as a function of topography and substrate. In this study, the Casey models were tested at Mawson, 3800 km away from Casey. The location and characteristics of approximately 7700 snow petrel nests were collected during ground surveys (Summer 2004–2005). Using GIS, predictive maps of nest distribution were produced for the Mawson region with the models derived from the Casey datasets and predictions were compared to the observed data. Models performance was assessed using classification matrixes and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Overall correct classification rates for the Casey models varied from 57% to 90%. However, two geomorphologically different sub-regions (coastal islands and inland mountains) were clearly distinguished in terms of habitat selection by Casey model predictions but also by the specific variations in coefficients of terms in new models, derived from the Mawson data sets. Observed variations in the snow petrel aggregations were found to be related to local habitat availability.We discuss the applicability of various types of models (GLM, CT) and investigate the effect of scale on the prediction of snow petrel habitats. While the Casey models created with data collected at the nest scale did not perform well at Mawson due to regional variations in nest micro-characteristics, the predictive performance of models created with data compiled at a coarser scale (habitat units) was satisfactory. Substrate type was the most robust predictor of nest presence between Casey and Mawson. This study demonstrate that it is possible to predict at the large scale the presence of snow petrel nests based on simple predictors such as topography and substrate, which can be obtained from aerial photography. Such methodologies have valuable applications in the management and conservation of this top predator and associated resources and may be applied to other Antarctic, Sub-Antarctic and lower latitudes species and in a variety of habitats.     

UASB-CASS-接触氧化工艺处理玉米酒精废水

介绍了采用UASB-CASS-接触氧化工艺处理玉米酒精废水的工程应用。实际运行表明玉米酒精生产工艺在采取清洁生产措施条件下,酒精生产装置混合生产废水CODCr、BOD5、SS分别控制在8000mg/L、3200mg/L和1500mg/L以内,经过UASB+CASS+接触氧化工艺处理后,外排废水可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。同时,对废水处理过程中污泥和沼气利用途径进行了探索,为解决废水二次污染问题提供了可借鉴的实践经验。     

环境标准使用中应处理好的问题

阐述了执行环境标准时应处理好国家环境标准和地方环境标准、环境质量标准的通用标准和专业标准、污染物排放标准中的综合性标准和行业性标准、国家标准和行业标准(部颁标准)、现行标准和趋前标准、强制性标准和推荐性标准、主体标准和配套标准、浓度标准和总量标准、单一排放浓度标准和混合排放浓度标准,以及国家标准和国际标准的关系。