国内外石化行业环境保护管理对比

介绍了我国石化行业环境保护法规、标准体系和建设项目环境保护工作的要求和开展情况,并对欧美发达国家石化行业的法规标准体系、工程建设全过程环境保护工作、成本效益分析、最佳可行技术和部分发展中国家石化项目的环境保护管理进行了分析论述,比较了国内外石化行业环境保护标准、项目环保工作的差异,并对我国石化行业环境保护工作给出了建议。     

含油污水回用处理新工艺研究

研究了一种处理回用含油污水的新工艺,二期炼油污水深度处理中试研究表明,以炼油企业二级处理达标排放污水为处理对象,在使用该工艺处理水量为0.5m3/h、水力停留时间为1.49h 以及污水中COD、氨氮、石油类的浓度变化分别为44.07～102.13 mg/L、28.37～50.01 mg/L、4.10～6.77 mg/L时,平均去除率分别达到94%、96.1%、91.9%,其排出水质符合循环水补充水的水质要求。对该工艺进行了5.5h抗冲击实验,结果表明其抗冲击能力优良。     

建筑物火灾疏散中人的失误研究

火灾是人类所面临的最为严重的灾害之一。通过建筑物火灾现场勘察表明 ,造成火灾中人员伤害的重要原因之一是火灾现场疏散人员行为的失误。而火灾现场疏散人员行为的失误是一个极为复杂的问题 ,它既与影响疏散中人的行为因素有关 ,又与火灾疏散中人的认知模式有关。因此 ,笔者基于行为学的基本原理和建筑物火灾的特点 ,定义了建筑物火灾中人失误的内涵 ,对建筑物火灾中疏散人员失误的机理和分类进行了分析 ,建立了相应的模型 ,讨论了减少建筑物火灾中疏散人员失误的措施 ,并着重讨论了火灾疏散教育和培训的内容和形式。     

论便携式林业机械标准制订中应考虑的安全要求和人机工程学因素

针对便携式林业机械的特点和国际标准的发展趋势。阐述了我国便携式林业机械标准制订中应考虑的具有共性的安全要求和人机工程学因素。     

OPTIMAL BATHYMETRY OF TYRRHENIAN SEA BY STOCHASTIC INTERPOLATORS1

ABSTRACT: The analysis of the sea depth in the vicinity of a thermal power plant is important in view of the heat dispersion and transport of the cooling water discharged from the energy production processes. The bathymetry of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the area facing the thermoelectric plant being built at Montalto di Castro, Italy, is reconstructed with the aid of the kriging technique. The large number of measurements (2038) precludes the use of a global interpolation model. At the same time, the steepness of the variogram suggests that the stochastic process is likely non-stationary. The latter problem is managed by detrending the observed records with a fourth-order polynomial drift determined with the least squares method. The global approach is replaced with local models with an influence radius of 70 m and a minimal number of interpolation records equal to 10. The detrended residuals appear to be second-order stationary having an isotropic vaniogram that is fitted equally well by a linear or a spherical function. The average size of the local interpolation models is 28, which ensures a high cemputational efficiency. The bathymetry of the sea area of interest is then reconstructed over a regular grid with a total of 3570 nodes. The estimation standard deviation maps show that the accuracy of the prediction is even greater than the prescribed tolerance (= 0.2 m) and indicate that future data collection campaigns require a less dense and, therefore, less expensive recording network. The redundant measurement profiles are identified. Their elimination still allows for bathymetry estimates affected by interpolation errors that fall within the project specifications.     

“城市防洪标准选择”综述

城市防洪标准是指防洪主体应具备的防洪能力,一般用可防御洪水相应的重现期或出现频率表示。本文将介绍国内外城市防洪标准及我国城市洪灾概况和现有防洪标准。     

Automatic multistage classification system for plastic bottles recycling

In this work, an artificial intelligent plastic bottles classification system is proposed, developed and tested. Classifying bottles based on their chemical composition and color is attempted. Near infrared (NIR) reflectance measurements are used to identify bottle composition class. Charged coupled device (CCD) camera with the fusion of quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and tree classifiers are used to detect the bottle color.Results have shown that the dip wavelength and average values of the reflective NIR spectrum could be used as features to distinguish between chemical compositions. This resulted in 94.14% classification accuracy. In addition to various preprocessing techniques, the use of principal component analysis algorithm for bottle orientation facilitates the detection of the bottle color avoiding mixing it with the bottle's label or cap. Ninety-two percent color classification accuracy is achieved for clear bottles while 96% is achieved for opaque one, with proposed method. The aggregate classification accuracy of the combined system (i.e. accurate classification of color as well as chemical composition) is 83.48%.     

性能化设计方法在高层建筑防火设计中的应用

针对我国现有建筑设计防火规范等一系列规范对建筑物进行防火设计的不足之处,在比较传统指令性设计规范与性能化设计规范对建筑消防设计的要求的基础之上,笔者提出“以性能化为基础的建筑防火设计”的概念及支持体系;阐述性能设计的核心、规范体系和运行过程;并将该方法应用到了大空间防火分区及中庭防排烟设计的实践工作中,取得了比较满意的结果。其理论分析与实践证明建筑物性能化消防设计与评估,为实现建筑设计的多样化,更好地满足建筑功能需要提供了一条新的途径,该设计理念和评估方法的发展将大大促进消防安全设计的科学化、合理化和成本效益的最优化。     

基于SPSS聚类分析的企业职业伤害风险分级标准研究

对不同行业和不同规模的221家企业基础数据的调研分析，借助sPSS的聚类分析功能，对企业职业伤害风险分级进行研究，通过综合分析认为将企业职业伤害风险分为4类较为合理，并给出了企业职业伤害风险分级建议标准。根据该标准对在广西壮族自治区A市和辽宁省B市调研获取的661家企业职业伤害风险进行分级分析，从而验证分级标准的合理性和可行性。     

ROLE OF BASEFLOW IN RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONS1

ABSTRACT. The role of initial baseflow, or the baseflow at the beginning of storm precipitation, in modifying mathematical rainfall-runoff relations is analyzed by using data from 95 storms over a drainage basin in Illinois. A regression model is set up with total runoff, surface runoff, baseflow runoff, and peak flow as dependent variables, and storm precipitation, initial baseflow, effective and total storm durations, and highest and lowest temperatures during the storm as independent variables. Stepwise regression analyses show that storm precipitation and initial baseflow are the most important variables for making dependent variable estimates. The standard error estimates using only storm precipitation and initial baseflow as predictors show a seasonal trend with a peak in July, August, or September. An understanding of the role of baseflow as an indicator of average soil moisture condition over the basin can be of great help in short-term reservoir regulation and flood warning.