汽车电子装置相关振动试验分析

本文针对汽车振动环境的特殊性,分析了其对汽车电子装置的主要影响;进一步介绍了几种主要的振动试验方法,并结合汽车电子装置相关标准对振动试验进行了探讨.     

内标法测定土壤中乙草胺残留的气相色谱法研究

文章利用内标法进行土壤中乙草胺测定的气相色谱法。以邻苯二甲酸二正戊酯为内标并于土壤样品振荡提取前加入。样品经丙酮、水提取,石油醚萃取、中性氧化铝-无水硫酸钠层析柱净化后,利用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定。土壤中乙草胺含量利用相对较正因子计算。该方法定量准确,精密度高,变异系数<5%,可有效消除因实验操作和仪器波动等引起的测定误差,尤其适用于复杂样品的分析。     

灰色聚类——模糊综合评价在空气质量分析中的应用

根据营口市2005年4个自动监测点位的监测数据,应用灰色系统理论,建立了环境空气质量聚类指标体系,确定了不同环境灰类的灰数,给出了不同灰类的白化函数,标定了灰色聚类权重,并计算出了灰色聚类系数及模糊综合评价级数。针对各监测点位进行了灰色聚类分析,又对全市环境空气质量进行了模糊综合评价,确定了营口市环境空气质量状况。     

基于区分权的水质综合评价方法

论证"隶属度"作为相似性度量是水质评价的最佳选择,定义指标区分权重,规范隶属函数的拓扑空间结构、代数性质和标准化方法,建立基于区分权的水质评价模型。     

海洋牧场碳汇资源生态补偿标准

海洋牧场建设是中国扩增海洋碳汇,实现碳中和战略目标的有效途径。碳汇具有明显的外部性,只有确定合理的补偿标准才能调动海洋牧场建设经营者积极性。以海洋牧场中藻类、贝类、鱼类、甲壳及其他类经济性碳汇资源为研究对象,利用最优化模型核算了碳汇资源生态价值的补偿标准。研究结果表明：藻类、贝类、鱼类、甲壳及其他类的生态补偿标准分别为134.94元/t、820.05元/t、782.39元/t、3764.16元/t,补偿标准存在种类间差异性。研究结果可为优化当前海洋牧场生态补偿政策提供理论参考。     

川南旅游资源的综合评价

本文利用特尔菲法和层次分析法,对川南旅游区９５个景点进行了定量分析,建立了川南旅游资源综合评价模型和基层因子评估标准。     

Interactive effects of cadmium and hypoxia on metabolic responses and bacterial loads of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin

Pollution by toxic metals including cadmium (Cd) and hypoxia are important stressors in estuaries and coastal waters which may interactively affect sessile benthic organisms, such as oysters. We studied metabolic responses to prolonged hypoxic acclimation (2 weeks at 5% O₂) in control and Cd-exposed (30 d at 50 μg L⁻¹ Cd) oysters Crassostrea virginica, and analyzed the effects of these stressors on abundance of Vibrio spp. in oysters. Hypoxia-acclimated oysters retained normal standard metabolic rates (SMR) at 5% O₂, in contrast to a decline of SMR observed during acute hypoxia. However, oysters spent more time actively ventilating in hypoxia than normoxia resulting in enhanced Cd uptake and 2.7-fold higher tissue Cd burdens in hypoxia. Cd exposure led to a significant decrease in tissue glycogen stores, increase in free glucose levels and elevated activity of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase and aldolase) indicating a greater dependence on carbohydrate catabolism. A compensatory increase in activities of two key mitochondrial enzymes (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase) was found during prolonged hypoxia in control oysters but suppressed in Cd-exposed ones. Cd exposure also resulted in a significant increase in abundance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus levels during normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. Overall, Cd- and hypoxia-induced changes in metabolic profile, Cd accumulation and bacterial flora of oysters indicate that these stressors can synergistically impact energy homeostasis, performance and survival of oysters in polluted estuaries and have significant consequences for transfer of Cd and bacterial pathogens to the higher levels of the food chain.     

Natural variability and correlations in the metabolic profile of healthy Eisenia fetida earthworms observed using ¹H NMR metabolomics

¹H NMR metabolomics can be used to assess the sub-lethal toxicity of contaminants to earthworms by identifying alterations in the metabolic profiles of contaminant- exposed earthworms in contrast to those of healthy (control) individuals. In support of this method this study sought to better characterize the baseline metabolic profile of healthy, mature earthworms of the species, Eisenia fetida, which is recommended for both acute and sub-lethal toxicity testing for soil contaminants. Profiles of D₂O-buffer extracted metabolites were determined using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and both inter-individual metabolic variability and pair-wise metabolic correlations were assessed. The control earthworm extracts exhibited low overall inter-individual metabolic variability, with a spectrum-wide median relative standard deviation (%RSD = standard deviation/mean × 100) of 14%, which suggests that the metabolic profile of E. fetida earthworms is well controlled in laboratory conditions and supports further use of this organism in environmental metabolomics research. In addition, strong positive correlations were detected between the levels of maltose, betaine, glycine, and glutamate as well as between the levels of lactate, valine, leucine, alanine, lysine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine which had not previously been reported. Since comparison of pair-wise metabolic correlations between control and treated organisms can reveal changes in the underlying pattern of biochemical relationships between the metabolites, identification of these significant metabolic correlations in control earthworms provides an additional characteristic that may be applied to delineate between control and treated earthworms in future NMR-based metabolomic studies.     

加标回收实验的实施及回收率计算的研究

分析了加标回收实验的基本方法,给出回收率计算的通式,探讨了用试验中间值计算回收率的可行性.     

Conceptual classification model for Sustainable Flood Retention Basins

The aim of this paper is to recommend a rapid conceptual classification model for Sustainable Flood Retention Basins (SFRB) used to control runoff in a temperate climate. An SFRB is an aesthetically pleasing retention basin predominantly used for flood protection adhering to sustainable drainage and best management practices. The classification model was developed on the basis of a database of 141 SFRB using the River Rhine catchment in Baden (part of Baden-Württemberg, Germany) as a case study. It is based on an agglomerative cluster analysis and is intended to be used by engineers and scientists to adequately classify the following different types of SFRB: Hydraulic Flood Retention Basin, Traditional Flood Retention Basin, Sustainable Flood Retention Wetland, Aesthetic Flood Retention Wetland, Integrated Flood Retention Wetland and Natural Flood Retention Wetland. The selection of classification variables was supported by a principal component analysis. The identification of SFRB in the data set was based on a Ward cluster analysis of 34 weighted classification variables. Scoring tables were defined to enable the assignment of the six SFRB definitions to retention basins in the data set. The efficiency of these tables was based on a scoring system which gave the conceptual model for the example case study sites an overall efficiency of approximately 60% (as opposed to 17% by chance). This conceptual classification model should be utilized to improve communication by providing definitions for SFRB types. The classification definitions are likely to be applicable for other regions with both temperate oceanic and temperate continental climates.