国内输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管采标情况分析

TSG 21-2016《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》对装卸软管的性能做出要求,但未明确给出相关检测采用的协调标准与引用标准.国内装卸液化石油气、天然气等软管主要采用橡胶软管,本文通过收集国内现行检测输送石油基、天然气橡胶软管的国际标准与国家标准,分析国内标准的采标情况,包括采标率、采标一致性程度、采标时效性,为检测...     

国家标准GB27900-2011《消防员呼救器》解读——消防员呼救器产品改进启示

本文主要介绍了国家标准GB27900-2011《消防员呼救器》新增的4个方面内容要求,详细描述了提升的部分技术性能指标,并对消防员呼救器产品的改进提出建议。     

泡沫灭火剂环保性能评价及研究进展

泡沫灭火剂主要用于扑灭液体燃料火灾,是一类成分复杂的化学品。针对泡沫灭火剂的环境污染风险、国家标准《泡沫灭火剂》(GB 15308—2006)与《A类泡沫灭火剂》(GB 27897—2011)无环保性能指标等问题,介绍了各类泡沫灭火剂的环境污染风险,综述了国内外泡沫灭火剂环保性能评价方法的研究进展,对比了中国、美国、欧盟现行泡沫灭火剂标准中的环保性能评价指标与方法,指出:我国可采用生物毒性、BOD₅/TOC、总有机氟含量等作为泡沫灭火剂环保性能的评价指标。     

V型滤池工艺设计的标准化和智能化探讨

针对V型滤池的设计特点,提出了设计的标准化方法。利用AutoCAD内嵌的Visual LISP语言编程,实现了计算机自动设计、计算及绘图的功能。程序具有人机对话的功能,从而实现了设计的智能化。     

安全管理状态评价方法设计与实践

对事故大样本进行统计分析,确定安全管理状态和管理难度评价方法,能够历史地、客观地、公正地评价一个企业的安全管理状态,了解和克服管理动态过程的缺陷,达到预防事故的目的。     

Establishing eutrophication assessment standards for four lake regions, China

The trophic status assessment of lakes in different lake regions may provide important and fundamental information for lake trophic state classification and eutrophication control. In this study, a region-specific lake eutrophication assessment standard was established through a frequency distribution method based on chlorophyll-a concentration. The assessment standards under the oligotrophic state for lakes in the Eastern plain, Yungui Plateau, Northeast Plain and Mountain Mongolia-Xinjiang regions are total phosphorus of 0.068, 0.005, 0.011, 0.005 mg/L; total nitrogen of 1.00, 0.16, 0.37, 0.60 mg/L; Secchi depth of 0.60, 8.00, 1.55, 3.00 m; and CODMn of 2.24, 1.00, 5.1 l, 4.00 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, a region-specific comprehensive trophic level index was developed to provide an understandable assessment method for the public. The results indicated that the frequency distribution analysis based on chlorophyll-a combined with trophic level index provided a useful metric for the assessment of the lake trophic status. In addition, the difference of eutrophication assessment standards in different lake regions was analyzed, which suggested that the sensitivities of algae to nutrients and the assessment standard of trophic status possessed significant regional differences for the four lake ecoregions. Lake eutrophication assessment standards would contribute to maximizing the effectiveness of future management strategies, to control and minimize lake eutrophication problems.     

现行标准下某在用LPG卧式储罐的设计制造和检验分析

液化石油气卧式储罐是我国石油化工行业常用的储存设备,其设计检验和评估分析尤为重要.本文以公司某超期服役的在用LPG卧式储罐为例,结合TSG R21-2016《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》等现行国家标准和规定对其进行了设计制造和检验验收的再分析,最后根据最新的全面检验结果对该LPG储罐现阶段服役状况进行了分析总结,符...     

新旧版美国四轮全地形车安全标准ANSI/SVIA 1分析与研究

本文通过对美国四轮ATV强制性安全标准ANSI/SVIA 1-2010与ANSI/SVIA 1-2007的分析研究,阐述了2010版标准中许多修改内容是对2007版标准编辑性的修改,其目的是改善标准清晰度和一致性;实质性修改主要包括8项,其目的主要是适应安全性要求。同时也提出我国ATV产品在设计、配置和性能等方面面临的技术壁垒和安全技术改进方向,这对我国ATV产品出口美国和制定国家、行业标准具有重要指导意义。     

An ecotoxicological evaluation of aged bottom ash for use in constructions

Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (MISWI) bottom ash is mainly deposited in landfills, but natural resources and energy could be saved if these ash materials would be used in geotechnical constructions. To enable such usage, knowledge is needed on their potential environmental impact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of leachates from MISWI bottom ash, aged for five years, in an environmental relevant way using a sequential batch leaching method at the Liquid/Solid-ratio interval 1–3, and to test the leachates in a (sub)chronic ecotoxicity test. Also, the leachates were characterized chemically and with the technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGTs). By comparing established ecotoxicity data for each element with chemically analysed and labile concentrations in the leachates, potentially problematic elements were identified by calculating Hazard Quotients (HQ). Overall, our results show that the ecotoxicity was in general low and decreased with increased leaching. A strong correspondence between calculated HQs and observed toxicity over the full L/S range was observed for K. However, K will likely not be problematic from a long-term environmental perspective when using the ash, since it is a naturally occurring essential macro element which is not classified as ecotoxic in the chemical legislation. Although Cu was measured in total concentrations close to where a toxic response is expected, even at L/S 3, the DGT-analysis showed that less than 50% was present in a labile fraction, indicating that Cu is complexed by organic ligands which reduce its bioavailability.     

我国安全生产标准体系的现状和对策研究

从安全标准总数、领域分布、级别划分、标准性质、类别构成以及采标情况几方面分析了我国安全生产标准的总体状况;结合国民经济行业分类,分析了安全标准在基础通用和社会事业、第一产业、第二产业、第三产业,以及在各产业所属领域和行业的分布情况;阐述了目前我国安全生产标准体系现状以及框架构成状况。提出了我国安全标准及体系存在的标准分布不均衡、关键标准缺失和滞后、采标率偏低、标龄过长和标准体系覆盖面窄五个问题,并给出了加强关键和缺失标准的研制,加大先进技术成果标准化、建立和完善安全生产标准体系、建立标准维护机制、加强安全生产标准国际化工作四项建议措施。