MARKAL模型在上海市能源结构调整与大气污染物排放中的应用

采用MARKAL（市场分配）模型研究了上海能源系统对能源结构调整政策的响应，情景中包括提高能源效率，供应侧的能源结构调整和终端能源消费结构调整等。结果显示，提高能源效率，实施能源结构调整后，2005年全市SO2和PM10排放量将较基础情景减少18.0万t和2.8万t，CO2排放量减少2300万t。但要进一步降低SO2排放量，使之达到“两控区”二氧化硫控制指标，主要潜力将取决于末端处理。     

德国发展环境保护的举措与实效

德国政府在改善生态环境，治理环境污染方面采取了一系列行之有效的措施。通过对大气、水源、噪声、废物等污染源的治理，改善了人们的生存环境；行政手段与经济手段并举，加快了产业结构的调整和能源结构的升级，为德国社会和经济的可持续发展奠定了基础。     

浅析居民区大气污染特征及防治对策

对居民区大气的主要污染物、烟尘、SO_2、TSP等分布情况进行了分析和预测。结果表明，随着城市建设的发展，能源消耗的增加，将使大气环境进一步恶化。只有以强化管理为手段，以规划目标为导向，着重以改善市区能源结构入手，是改变大气环境质量的根本措施。     

大冶诺兰达炉渣选矿厂清洁生产实践

清洁生产是当前提倡的先进生产方式,在此介绍了大冶诺兰达炉渣选矿厂采用新设备,革新工艺,开展废水、废渣综合利用,实现清洁生产,并取得可观的经济效益和环境效益。     

洁净型煤技术及推广应用探讨

洁净型煤的推广使用是有效控制煤烟型污染的一种重要手段，采用在原煤中添加化学药剂，重新加工成型的方法，达到降尘、固硫、节能的目的。通过推广使用，有效的降低二氧化硫、烟尘的产生量和排放量，减少对城市大气环境的污染，达到煤的热量高效、清洁利用。     

新时期如何增强监测站活力的思考

论述了在建立新的社会主义市场经济体制的进程中，监测站要想增强活力，必须走向市场。阐述了监测站走入市场后必奖促进监测事业的发展，提高监测总体技术水平。     

燕山石化公司的清洁生产实践

针对国际社会环境保护工作的大趋势 ,燕化公司自“九·五”开始扎扎实实地开展了清洁生产审计工作 ,取得了明显的环境和经济效益。     

开发垃圾能源 保护城市环境

介绍了垃圾焚烧处理法的国内外概况以及一种国产化的垃圾焚烧炉等．     

调整能源结构,减少大气污染物排放

上海在“十五”期间能源结构调整的重点为严格控制煤炭消费总量,加强煤炭洁净利用;加快电网建设和改造,优化电源结构;扩大天然气利用,建设天然气管网系统;建立能源安全供应体系,加强能源储备,到2005年,经过能源结构调整,煤炭在能源消费中的比重将下降到55%以下, 天然气和外来电能将上升到10%左右,与2005年的基础情景比较,实施能源结构调整后,上海将分别减少SO2和PM10排放量18万t和2.8万t,全市SO2和PM10排放总量可控制在45.7万t和12.4万t,与2000年基本持平。     

Integrating mitigation and adaptation into climate and development policy: three research questions

The potential for developing synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation has become a recent focus of both climate research and policy. Presumably the interest in synergies springs from the appeal of creating win–win situations by implementing a single climate policy option. However, institutional complexity, insufficient opportunities and uncertainty surrounding their efficiency and effectiveness present major challenges to the widespread development of synergies. There are also increasing calls for research to define the optimal mix of mitigation and adaptation. These calls are based on the misguided assumption that there is one single optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation options for all possible scenarios of climate and socio-economic change, notwithstanding uncertainty and irrespective of the diversity of values and preferences in society. In the face of current uncertainty, research is needed to provide guidance on how to develop a socially and economically justifiable mix of mitigation, adaptation and development policy, as well as on which elements would be part of such a mix. Moreover, research is needed to establish the conditions under which the process of mainstreaming can be most effective. Rather than actually developing and implementing specific mitigation and adaptation options, the objective of climate policy should be to facilitate such development and implementation as part of sectoral policies. Finally, analysis needs to focus on the optimal use and expected effectiveness of financial instruments, taking into account the mutual effects between these instruments on the one hand, and national and international sectoral investments and official development assistance on the other.