清洁生产审计方案评估技术方法探讨

清洁生产审计方案评估是对已获得的清洁生产方案作出科学的，系统的和全面的评估，文章对清洁生产审计方案评估技术方法进行了探讨，提出了清洁生产审计方案评估技术方法包括方案分类评价，方案筛选和可行性分析等内容。     

沈阳市能源需求预测及潜力分析

本文采用逐步回归分析法预测能源需求，结果表明能源消费量与国民生产总值显著相关，预测到２０００年，沈阳市短缺能源达２００万吨标煤．为此，文中进一步提出了提高能源开发、利用潜力的途径和措施及其环境效益．     

燃煤掺烧固硫中的节能探讨

本文对燃煤掺烧固硫中的节能问题进行了探讨.试验表明:掺烧适量的钙基固硫剂,不但能提高灰渣熔点,改善结焦性能,强化燃烧,而且可以使总发热量有所提高.因此,掺烧固硫具有节能效果.     

产业园区清洁生产水平评价指标体系构建研究

基于清洁生产、产业生态学和循环经济等可持续发展理论,结合产业园区现有指标体系、评价标准和相关文献资料,通过评价指标频度统计分析,筛选出重点关注指标,经专家咨询补充完善相关指标,构建了产业园区清洁生产水平评价指标体系(包含7项一级指标和26项二级指标)。通过层次分析法确定了各项指标权重,参考已发布相关标准及研究成果,确定了指标评价标准。以苏州国家环保高新技术产业园为例,应用该指标体系评价其清洁生产水平,结果为合格,与实际情况相符。指出,该指标体系能够合理反映产业园区清洁生产水平,判断其是否建成清洁生产园区,并在园区层面提出清洁生产审核重点及改进建议,从而进一步发掘产业园区清洁生产潜力。     

Perceptual Indicators of Environmental Health, Future Land Use, and Stewardship

There are important linkages between the health of humans and theenvironment, restoration of degraded lands, and long-term stewardship of public lands, yet most environmental indicators deal only with assessing the physical and biological aspects ofecosystems. In this article, we examine the ratings of perceptionsof several environmental problems for their utility as indicatorsof environmental quality, and examine perceptions of future land use by people interviewed in Santa Fe, New Mexico, near the Department of Energy's (DOE) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Overall, people with lower incomes rated environmental problems as more severe than others, were more willing to spend federal funds to solve them, and were consistent in their ratingsof severity of environmental problems and their willingness to spend federal funds. Cleaning up LANL and other Department of Energy sites, received the highest rating for expenditure of federal funds. The highest rated future uses for DOE sites were for recreation and for National Environmental Research Parks. People with less education generally gave higher ratings to mostfuture land uses for DOE than did those with more education. However, those with higher education gave higher ratings to nuclear reprocessing, and nuclear material storage. Where there were differences, the people interviewed at Santa Fe rated all environmental problems (except pesticides) as more severe than did those previously interviewed in Albuquerque (located fartherfrom the LANL site), and they were more willing to spend federalfunds on these problems. Ratings for all future land uses did notdiffer between the Santa Fe and Albuquerque respondents. These perception-based indicators show general agreement among peopleliving close and farther away from LANL with respect to cleaningup LANL and the future land uses for the site. These indicators should be considered by regulators, site personnel, and policy makers in future management and land use decisions.     

A new index for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings to achieving UN sustainable development goals in Jordan

Jordan faces stringent energy challenges mainly in the form of import dependence and escalating demand. The building sector accounts for 58% of total national electricity consumption and therefore plays an important role in addressing these challenges. This article investigates how energy efficiency in green buildings certified by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system contribute towards achieving United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jordan. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new Comprehensive Contribution to Sustainable Development Index (CCSDI) to assess the contributions of implementation of the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category to achieve UN SDGs in Jordan. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to obtain data. Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to evaluate the contributions of LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the EA category. Results indicate a positive relationship between the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in category and UN SDGs 7?9 and 12?13. We conclude that our proposed CCSDI is a robust tool for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings towards achieving UN SDGs in Jordan.     

化工污泥中放射性核素226Ra，232Th 的辐射环境行为

目的以化工生产下游企业排放含重金属污泥中放射性核素的分布与含量为研究对象,考察工业生产末端随物料流下行的重金属及其中携带的放射性核素对环境的影响。方法在重金属排放较为显著的电池、电镀化工企业采集含重金属污泥进行分析研究。利用高纯锗(HPGe)γ能谱仪系统分析不同类别污泥中放射性核素~(228)Ac,~(~(212))Pb,~(~(212))Bi,~(208)Tl,~(214)Pb,~(214)Bi和40K的活度和含量,选用蒙特卡罗模型(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)剂量转化因子计算化工企业污泥的年有效剂量率,通过计算富集因子得到放射性核素~(232)Th,~(~(226))Ra在化工污泥中的富集水平,通过皮尔森系数将测量得到污泥中Pb,Cr等重金属含量以及相应的~(232)Th含量或镭当量活度Ra_(eq)相互关联,分析其中的数学相关性。结果来自电池、电镀化工企业的污泥中放射性有效剂量率为44.8μSv·a~(-1)。放射性核素~(232)Th,~(~(226))Ra的富集因子(EF-Th和EF-Ra)数值范围分别为0.478~2.217和2.509~4.115,表明放射性核素~(232)Th在含铬污泥中存在富集,而~(~(226))Ra在污泥中均存在明显富集。皮尔森系数的分析显示,重金属元素Pb和Cr与Ra_(eq)的相关性可达到0.8以上,在监测工作中可利用污泥中Pb,Cr含量推算含重金属污泥的放射性水平。结论该研究工作对辐射环境的快捷监测和TENORM的评价均有实际应用价值。     

Community energy initiatives to alleviate fuel poverty: the material politics of Energy Cafés

Community action has an increasingly prominent role in the debates surrounding transitions to sustainability. Initiatives such as community energy projects, community gardens, local food networks and car sharing clubs provide new spaces for sustainable consumption, and combinations of technological and social innovations. These initiatives, which are often driven by social good rather than by pure monetary motives, have been conceptualised as grassroots innovations. Previous research in grassroots innovations has largely focused on conceptualising such initiatives and analysing their potential for replication and diffusion; there has been less research in the politics involved in these initiatives. We examine grassroots innovations as forms of political engagement that is different from the 1970s’ alternative technology movements. Through an analysis of community-run Energy Cafés in the United Kingdom, we argue that while present-day grassroots innovations appear less explicitly political than their predecessors, they can still represent a form of political participation. Through the analytical lens of material politics, we investigate how Energy Cafés engage in diverse – explicit and implicit, more or less conscious – forms of political engagement. In particular, their work to “demystify” clients’ energy bills can unravel into various forms of advocacy and engagement with energy technologies and practices in the home. Some Energy Café practices also make space for a needs-driven approach that acknowledges the embeddedness of energy in the household and wider society.     

A ‘delivery-democracy dilemma’? Mapping and explaining policy change for public engagement with energy infrastructure

Understanding how governments orchestrate public engagement in energy infrastructure decisions has important implications for the relationship between energy transitions, democracy and justice, but existing research is deficient in focusing mainly on single case studies. In response, we conduct a multi-sectoral, comparative analysis for the first time to assess how UK governments have engaged publics, applying a novel mapping methodology that is systematic, longitudinal and cross-technology. Moreover, our focus embraces mechanisms of consultation and support measures (e.g. community benefits) and seeks to explain patterns of change using a pragmatist sociology framework. Findings indicate trends towards a reduced scope for public engagement alongside expanded encouragement of community benefits, but also important sectoral differences. On-shore wind moved towards giving local decision-makers significant control over decisions. Gas-fired power stations experienced continuity, with central government controlling consents and limited interest in community benefits. Fracking facilities received intense promotion of community benefits, alongside incremental moves to restrict local decision-making. We argue that the patterns observed reflect government beliefs about the scope for depoliticisation in concrete situations, in which the conjunction of technologies, sites and publics affects how and whether arrangements for public engagement change. These results raise challenges for how researchers seek to connect energy transitions and democracy.     

Environmental impact assessment of a WtE plant after structural upgrade measures

The study focuses on analysing the evolution of environmental impacts caused by a medium–large Italian WtE plant before and after revamping and maintenance operations, with the aim of providing an evaluation of how much these structural upgrade measures may affect the total environmental performance.LCA methodology was applied for the modelling and comparison of six WtE scenarios, each describing the main structural upgrades carried out in the plant over the years 1996–2011. The comparison was conducted by adopting 1 ton of MSW as the functional unit, and the net contribution from energy recovery to power generation was distinguished by defining consistent national grid electricity mixes for every year considered. The Ecoindicator99 2.09 impact assessment method was used to evaluate the contribution to midpoint and endpoint categories (e.g. carcinogens, respiratory inorganics and organics, climate change, damage to human health). Lastly, the “Pedigree quality matrix” was applied to verify the reliability and robustness of the model created.As expected, the results showed better environmental scores after both the implementation of new procedures and the integration of operations. However, while a net reduction of air emissions seems to be achievable through dedicated flue gas treatment technologies, outcomes underscored potentials for improving the management of bottom ash through the adoption of alternative options aimed to use that solid residue mainly as filler, and to decrease risks from its current disposal in landfill. If the same effort that is put into flue gas treatment were devoted to energy recovery, the targets for the WtE plant could be easily met, achieving a higher sustainability. This aspect is even more complex: national policies for implementing greener and renewable energy sources would result in a lower impact of the national energy mix and, hence, in a lower net avoided burden from energy recovery.The study confirmed the expected improvements, indicating quantitatively the lower environmental impact resulting from structural upgrade operations in a WtE plant. Furthermore, the work highlights the importance of considering the evolution of the national energy mix in LCA studies, especially during the present years of transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources.