山东临沂大气夏季典型时段臭氧污染特征及其控制因素分析

2020年6月,在山东省临沂城区开展臭氧(O3)及其前体物观测实验,基于观测数据结合MCM光化学模式模拟,对6月中旬O3污染特例生成机理及控制机制进行了分析.结果 发现,尽管观测期间降水较多,一旦天气转晴,O3迅速积累并超标,1-h和8-h φ(O3)超标天数分别为10d(频率32％)和14 d(45％).O3日变化呈...     

芜湖市大气挥发性有机物污染特征、大气反应活性及源解析

2018年9月至2019年8月对芜湖市城区大气中挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行观测,探讨其污染特征、光化学影响和来源.结果表明,芜湖市大气中VOCs全年平均体积分数为27.86×10^-9,季节变化规律为：秋季（31.16×10^-9） > 夏季（28.70×10^-9） > 冬季（24.75×10^-9） > 春季（24.04×10^-9）,日变化规律呈双峰型,峰值在08：00~09：00时与18：00~19：00时出现,与交通流量的变化有关.芜湖市大气VOCs的平均臭氧生成潜势（OFP）为255.29 μg ·m^-3,不同组分对平均OFP的贡献率排序为：芳香烃（48.83%） > 烷烃（21.04%） > 烯烃（18.32%） > OVOCs（11.47%） > 卤代烃（0.35%）.总气溶胶生成潜势（AFP）为1.84 μg ·m^-3,芳香烃贡献率最高（87.69%）,其次为烷烃（12.31%）.苯/甲苯/乙苯（B/T/E）比值表明,芜湖市大气中苯系物的主要贡献源为机动车排放源和工业排放及溶剂使用源.源解析显示：油气挥发源、机动车排放源、溶剂挥发源、LPG排放源、植物排放源和二次生成源对采样期内的VOCs贡献率分别为11.57%、34.53%、16.63%、20.76%、3.54%和12.97%.     

广东省春季一次区域臭氧污染过程的成因分析

为探究广东省春季环境空气臭氧(O₃)污染成因,选取2022年4月6—10日的一次典型污染过程,结合后向气流轨迹、潜在源贡献因子算法和权重轨迹分析法,较为全面地分析了本次污染过程的特征及传输对O₃的影响.结果表明：本次污染范围涉及全省10个城市,污染前期江门市和中山市O₃小时峰值浓度分别高达264μg·m^-3和272μg·m^-3,后期东莞市每日O₃小时峰值均高于260μg·m^-3.以清远市为代表性城市的分析表明,污染天日最大8 h平均O₃浓度、氮氧化物(NO_x)和挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度平均值较非污染天分别升高10.8%、44.0%和168.0%.O₃污染天呈高温、低湿的特点,O₃浓度与温度的相关性在污染天显著增强.基于MIR值计算的O₃生成潜势结果表明,与非污染天相比,污染天间、对-二甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯和甲苯对O     

济源冬季VOCs污染特征、来源和SOAP

重工业城市济源经常发生雾-霾污染事件.挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是二次有机气溶胶（SOA）生成的前体物,SOA对细颗粒物(PM_2.5)贡献约15%～20%.于2019年12月1日至12月31日在济源进行PM_2.5、 O₃、 VOCs和其他微量气体在线监测,并分析VOCs污染特征、来源和SOA生成潜势（SOAP）.济源观测到φ（TVOC）平均值为（54.3±27.5）×10^-9.烷烃、卤代烃和炔烃是主要组分.运用正交矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）识别并分配VOCs来源.确定8个主要VOCs来源：液化石油气/天然气（LPG/NG）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）工业、机动车、焦化工业、溶剂使用、工业、工艺过程和油气挥发.二次有机气溶胶生成潜势分析发现芳香烃对SOAP的贡献最大,其中苯系物（BTEX）对SOAP贡献最大.     

Identification of long-range transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing from 2014 to 2015

Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970 hPa in summer and autumn and below 950 hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CWT analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PM₁₀ were similar to those of PM_2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing''s surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons.     

重庆市主要工业源VOCs组分排放清单及其臭氧生成潜势

基于"第二次全国污染源普查"基础信息和工业行业VOCs源成分谱,建立了重庆市2017年主要工业源VOCs组分清单,并估算其臭氧生成潜势(OFP),识别工业源VOCs重点管控物种及其来源.结果表明,重庆市2017年工业源VOCs排放总量及其OFP分别为144.12 kt和477.34 kt,汽车制造、装备制造、塑料制造和...     

Occurrence of Primidone,Carbamazepine, Caffeine,and Precursors for N‐Nitrosodimethylamine in Drinking Water Sources Impacted by Wastewater1

Abstract: Wastewater impact on drinking water sources was assessed using several approaches, including analysis of three pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) – primidone, carbamazepine, and caffeine – as indicators, and determination of precursor concentrations for the disinfection byproduct N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) using formation potential (FP) tests. Samples were collected in 2006 and 2007 in rivers impacted by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges, at drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intakes upstream or downstream from these discharges, and from two WWTP effluents in two watersheds. The levels [10th percentile ? maximum (median)] of primidone, carbamazepine, caffeine, and NDMAFP were 2‐95 (7) ng/l, 2‐207 (18) ng/l, 7‐687 (78) ng/l, and 12‐321 (35) ng/l, respectively. The highest concentrations of primidone, carbamazepine, and NDMA precursors were from one of the WWTP effluents, whereas the highest concentration of caffeine was detected in a river heavily impacted by treated wastewater discharges. The lowest concentrations of the three PPCPs were from a DWTP influent upstream of a metropolitan urban area with minimum wastewater impact. Temporal variations in PPCP and NDMAFP concentrations and streamflows in two selected watersheds were also observed. Furthermore, correlation analysis between caffeine or carbamazepine and primidone was evaluated. The results show that measurement of the two pharmaceuticals and NDMAFP tests can be used to evaluate wastewater impact in different watersheds, whereas caffeine results were more variable.     

2015年12月北京市一次重污染过程中PM_(2.5)特征分析

2015年入冬以来京津冀区域重污染频发,综合分析了2015年12月19—26日京津冀及周边地区发生的一次重污染过程中PM_(2.5)分布特征及成因。监测数据显示,2015年12月北京市重污染日共计13 d,累计月均值为151.8μg/m3。在12月19—26日一次重污染过程中,区域污染面积均超过40万km2,北京市单站PM_(2.5)小时均值超过800μg/m3。污染初期北京市南部地区PM_(2.5)浓度明显偏高,且PM_(2.5)极端高值出现在南部站点。污染输送阶段,北京市PM_(2.5)小时浓度在短时内呈爆发式增长,浓度增值是年均值的2~5倍。污染缓解阶段,偏北风作用,浓度明显下降。除了极端不利的天气形势外,区域散煤排放是造成重污染的重要原因;河北省唐山、保定、廊坊、石家庄等城市区域输送加重了污染程度。     

内循环生物流化床反应器载体挂膜特性的研究

分别考察了水力停留时间，反应器结构，接种污泥量及载体粒径等因素对内循环三相生物流化床反应器载体挂膜的影响。试验结果表明，较短的停留时间，较小的内循环速度，较少的接种污泥量及较小粒径的载体有利于反应器的快速挂膜启动。     

Role of secondary aerosols in haze formation in summer in the Megacity Beijing

A field experiment from 18 August to 8 September 2006 in Beijing, China, was carried out. A hazy day was defined as visibility < l0 km and RH (relative humidity) < 90%. Four haze episodes, which accounted for ~ 60% of the time during the whole campaign, were characterized by increases of SNA (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) and SOA (secondary organic aerosol) concentrations. The average values with standard deviation of SO₄^2 −, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺ and SOA were 49.8 (± 31.6), 31.4 (± 22.3), 25.8 (± 16.6) and 8.9 (± 4.1) μg/m³, respectively, during the haze episodes, which were 4.3, 3.4, 4.1, and 1.7 times those in the non-haze days. The SO₄^2 −, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, and SOA accounted for 15.8%, 8.8%, 7.3%, and 6.0% of the total mass concentration of PM₁₀ during the non-haze days. The respective contributions of SNA species to PM₁₀ rose to about 27.2%, 15.9%, and 13.9% during the haze days, while the contributions of SOA maintained the same level with a slight decrease to about 4.9%. The observed mass concentrations of SNA and SOA increased with the increase of PM₁₀ mass concentration, however, the rate of increase of SNA was much faster than that of the SOA. The SOR (sulfur oxidation ratio) and NOR (nitrogen oxidation ratio) increased from non-haze days to hazy days, and increased with the increase of RH. High concentrations of aerosols and water vapor favored the conversion of SO₂ to SO₄^2 − and NO₂ to NO₃⁻, which accelerated the accumulation of the aerosols and resulted in the formation of haze in Beijing.