污染土壤电动法修复技术研究进展及其前景

介绍污染土壤电动修复技术的最新动态,探讨了该技术的基本原理、改良技术及应用工艺的研究进展。为了提高修复效率和扩大电动修复技术的应用范围,现在已经发展了电动法与其它方法相结合的土壤修复技术。归纳总结了电动修复中常用的几种组合技术并对组合技术中出现的问题和限制因素进行分析和讨论,提出电动法修复污染土壤的发展趋势和研究方向。     

Enhanced adaptability of Sesbania rostrata to Pb/Zn tailings via stem nodulation

Sesbania rostrata is wellknown for its stem nodulation, but the roles of stem nodulation in root nodulation and adaptation of S. rostrata to Pb/Zn-enriched tailings environment has been poorly understood. We investigated the e ects of inoculating (with stem nodule treatment) and non-inoculating (without stem nodule treatment) Azorhizobium caulinodans on the growth, root nodulation, and N fixation of S. rostrata grown on three di erent types of soil substrata: Pb/Zn tailings, garden soil amended tailings, and garden soil. The results showed that plant height, stem basal diameter, biomass, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content and N-accumulation per plant were 2.3%–4.9%, 2.2%–7.7%, 27.8%–72.2%, 17.1%–23.5%, 12.3%–34.2%, and 43.1%–131.2%, respectively, higher in treatments with stem nodule than those without stem nodule for the same soil substrate. With respect to soil substrata, all measurements had consistently higher values in tailings than in amended tailings and garden soil, indicating that the poorer the soil condition, the greater the contribution of stem nodule. In contrast, the number and fresh weight of root nodules on plants without stem nodule were 6.9–11.6 times and 5.8–29.0 times higher than those with stem nodule, respectively, especially with respect to the plants grew on Pb/Zn tailings. In general, stem nodulation favored plant growth and nitrogen fixation of S. rostrata, but suppressed root nodulation. With the ability of stem and root nodulation, S. rostrata can be used as a pioneer plant species for remediation of Pb/Zn tailings.     

不同沉水植物对Cu，Pb，Cd，Zn元素吸收积累差异及规律研究

为探求不同种类的沉水植物对水中Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn吸收积累的差异.对生长在广西刁江流域中的几种常见的沉水植物:菹草、黑藻、狐尾藻、苦草、黄丝草进行了分析,结果表明:在不同采样点与不同时期里.Cu.Pb,Cd,Zn元素在同一沉水植物中吸收变化比较大,Zn元素含量在被测元素中变化最大,最高值和最低值差约581倍.这说明沉水植物受环境影响比较大,能较好的反应出周围环境的变化;但不同的沉水植物对周围环境反应能力的大小是不一样的,菹草、黑藻、狐尾藻、苦草、黄丝草对Cu,Cd,Zn重金属元素的富集能力顺序依次为:菹草>黑藻>狐尾藻>苦草>黄丝草;而黄丝草对Pb吸收累积能力在所有被检测沉水植物中富集能力是最强的.因此,我们在利用沉水植物来指示或修复水体环境时,必须依据不同的元素来选择合适的沉水植物.     

多金属污染土壤中微生物群落功能对麻疯树-化学联合修复的响应

应用BIOLOG实验技术,结合土壤和植物的相关指标,对广东省大宝山矿山周边多金属污染土壤修复过程中微生物群落代谢方式的变化进行分析,结果表明,施用改良剂可以显著提高土壤微生物群落的活性:粉煤灰＞石灰＞白云石＞对照,其中粉煤灰对提高多金属污染土壤微生物的代谢多样性有显著效果;种植麻疯树后土壤微生物活性也发生变化,结果为:...     

含硝基芳香族化合物废水处理技术研究进展

为探讨含硝基芳香族化合物废水高效低耗的处理技术,综述了该类废水处理技术的相关研究成果及应用现状。从废水处理的效果、稳定性及经济性等方面,对有关研究方法进行了分析和对比。分析表明,物理化学方法存在成本高、二次污染严重等缺点;由于该类废水可生化性差,单独使用传统的生物治理方法存在处理效率低、效果不稳定等问题。氧化技术与生物技术的联用有助于兼顾氧化技术处理效率高、生物处理经济性好的优点,可望实现该类废水的经济有效治理。     

营口市重点区域土壤污染状况调查及防治对策

营口地区土壤已经受到了一定程度的污染。通过对营口市重点区域土壤现状的监测及调查分析,提出了改善土壤现状的修复措施。     

矿业废弃物酸化及治理技术研究进展

矿业废弃物酸化是矿山环境污染的主要问题之一。酸化污染具有广泛性、严重性和长期性特点,世界各国都高度重视对固体酸化废弃物治理的研究。本文综述了矿业废弃物的酸化过程、控制机理、治理措施及研究进展。目前国内外发展的矿业废弃物酸化治理措施主要包括物理隔离技术、化学中和技术、植物稳定技术和微生物治理技术等。其中物理隔离技术费用较...     

不同化学氧化剂对焦化污染场地多环芳烃的修复效果

采用模拟装置研究了不同化学氧化制剂对于焦化工业污染场地中多环芳烃(PAHs)的去除效果以及处理过程中污染物的去向.应用高锰酸钾处理土壤,总PAHs的去除效率最高,达96%,且大部分PAHs都被氧化,以气体形式挥发或转移到溶液中的比例很小,低于总PAHs的1%;其次是活化过硫酸钠,对总PAHs的去除率可达92%,类Fen...     

Phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A new adsorbent for the removal of nickel from aqueous solution

Synthesised triphenylphosphine-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Tpp-MWCNTs) were used to study the adsorption of nickel in aqueous solutions and their adsorption capabilities were compared with purified MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pH for all adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 40 and 30 min for purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs, respectively. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms used to investigate the adsorption process fitted the experimental data well with the correlation coefficient R² close to 1 for all adsorbents. On the other hand, the experimental data fitted well with a pseudo second-order model. The speciation of nickel also influenced the adsorption on the purified and Tpp-MWCNTs. The adsorbents used in this study showed superior adsorption capacity when compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature.     

种植基地有机磷农药污染土壤的微生物修复

针对我国土壤普遍受到有机磷农药污染的现状,从有机磷农药污染土壤中筛选出降解作用大、生理性状稳定的5种抗性菌株,根据细菌形态观察、生理生化指标检测及16SrDNA基因序列分析,初步确定其生物学分类地位。通过富集培养及固定化技术,分别研究其对甲拌磷、对硫磷、甲基异柳磷和氯氰菊酯等农药的生物降解作用及其影响因素。初步探讨了微生物对甲拌磷农药的降解机理。上述研究结果表明：利用微生物降解农药是一种较有开发前景的有效方法。