Magnetic particle technology in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation

The use of magnetic particles in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation is currently under investigation at Victoria University, in collaboration with the Phillip Island Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Iron powder has been shown to be very effective for the magnetic cleansing of feathers and plumage and is almost ideal for this purpose, being non-toxic, a non-irritant and recyclable. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that by varying particle size, particle structure and surface texture, the efficacy of oil removal from feathers and plumage can be successfully manipulated. In this regard, it is possible to identify a grade of iron powder whereby, within experimental error, effectively 100% removal of a variety of fresh contaminants from different matrices, including feathers, can be achieved. Our investigations have been extended to the application of such particles to the successful removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination. The results of these investigations have indicated that, for such contaminants, removals ranging from 97–99% may be achieved. Magnetic particle technology may also be adapted for the screening of pre-conditioning agents that can further assist in the removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination from feathers. These investigations suggest that magnetic particles could have an important role to play in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation as a clean and effective technology.     

N-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备表征及性能研究

通过乙醛酸与壳聚糖形成西佛碱,用硼氢化钠还原制备N位取代的羧甲基壳聚糖,采用FT-IR、X-ray、NMR分析手段对分子结构进行表征。吸湿保湿性能研究发现取代度较低的N-羧甲基壳聚糖吸湿性能较好,保湿性能随着羧甲基取代度的增加而增强。通过羟基磷灰石、骨胶原与N-羧甲基壳聚糖制备了新型的复合生物材料,与没有添加N-羧甲基壳聚糖的复合材料相比较,发现具有良好的机械性能和溶涨性能。     

生物修复技术在水体污染治理中的应用

从水污染治理角度出发,综述了生物修复技术概况及其在水体污染治理中的应用,总结了生物修复技术的特点,展望了其发展方向。     

云南省土壤重金属污染现状及治理技术研究

对云南省土壤重金属污染现状和危害进行了阐述,介绍了目前较为常见的几种土壤修复技术,分析了各技术的优缺点及技术发展方向。植物、微生物修复和联合修复是将来土壤重金属污染修复的方向。     

土壤重金属污染来源及修复技术研究

土壤是生态环境的重要组成部分,与人类的生存和健康密切相关。土壤重金属污染问题是环境和土壤科学研究者关注的热点问题。对土壤重金属污染物来源的鉴别是准确、有效控制和治理污染源的前提。根据近年来国内外对土壤重金属污染的相关研究报道,综述了土壤中污染物的工业、农业和交通因子三大主要来源。目前重金属污染土壤修复主要采用工程技术、物理化学技术和植物修复技术。在此就修复技术的原理、适用范围以及研究现状与发展动态等方面进行了综述与分析。     

土壤重金属污染危害及生物修复技术研究

文章阐明了土壤重金属污染的危害与污染土壤的生物修复技术研究现状扣国外生物修复技术的最新研究内容和方法。系统介绍了重金属污染土壤生物修复的概念、生物修复特点及其机制、类型,重点论述了植物、微生物、动物对重金属污染土壤的修复技术方面的研究进展。最后对生物修复的发展前景进行展望,并在此基础上提出了一些见解和看法,为今后该方面的研究提供参考。     

基于特定场地的挥发/半挥发有机化合物(VOC/SVOC)空间分布与修复边界确定

选择我国某典型的废弃化工污染场地为研究对象,在对场地全面调查的基础上,采用美国试验与材料学会(ASTM)规范的场地环境评价方法,对场地中污染物类型、污染程度和空间分布进行了描述.同时,以人体健康风险为基础对场地修复目标进行推算,并界定修复边界和测算污染土壤体积.结果表明,四氯化碳、四氯乙烯、五氯乙烷、六氯丁二烯、六氯乙烷和六氯苯等挥发/半挥发性有机化合物为场地土壤中的主要污染物类型,其含量超过我国现有标准.根据场地特性,以最大可接受风险水平1×10-4、1×10-5和1×10-6计算得出的修复目标值界定修复边界,场地中对应区域的污染土壤体积分别为20457、25600和37300m3.最后,根据综合场地利用规划和成本投入要求,对场地中污染土壤分类处理和修复提出了技术建议.     

Microwave thermal remediation of crude oil contaminated soil enhanced by carbon fiber

Thermal remediation of the soil contaminated with crude oil using microwave heating enhanced by carbon fiber (CF) was explored. The contaminated soil was treated with 2.45 GHz microwave, and CF was added to improve the conversion of microwave energy into thermal energy to heat the soil. During microwave heating, the oil contaminant was removed from the soil matrix and recovered by a condensation system of ice-salt bath. The experimental results indicated that CF could e ciently enhance the microwave heating of soil even with relatively low-dose. With 0.1 wt.% CF, the soil could be heated to approximately 700°C within 4 min using 800 W of microwave irradiation. Correspondingly, the contaminated soil could be highly cleaned up in a short time. Investigation of oil recovery showed that, during the remediation process, oil contaminant in the soil could be e ciently recovered without causing significant secondary pollution.     

Mechnism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu2+ polluted water body

Mechnism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated.The influnce of electrolysis voltage,pH,and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied.Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop (ΔP),additions ratio,initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficency,stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated.The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),the composition of suface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that using low presure reverse osmosis (LPRO),the Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L or even higher in the concentrate solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm.The addition of SDS can improve the Cu2+ removal efficiency,while EDTA had little side influence.In electro-reduction process,using plante electrode cell,Cu2+ concentration can be further reduced to 5 mg/L,and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%.Using 3D electrolysis treatment,Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%-70%.     

硅酸盐和磷酸盐矿物对土壤重金属化学固定的研究进展

根据重金属离子的迁移转化规律,可以采用物理、化学、生物等方法来治理土壤的重金属污染,每种修复方法都有其优缺点,而环境矿物法具有成本低廉和效率较高的特点,因此,本文叙述了两种具有代表性的环境矿物(硅酸盐和磷酸盐),从硅酸盐和磷酸盐矿物的性能、反应机理以及对土壤重金属离子的作用效果等方面综述了硅酸盐和磷酸盐修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展,并且阐述了硅酸盐和磷酸盐对不同重金属离子的作用效果,以及影响其作用的各种因素,提出了其中存在的问题和不足。