CHALLENGES IN GROUND WATER REMEDIATION: DENSE NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS1

ABSTRACT: Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminated ground water has proven to be exceptionally difficult to remediate for both physical and chemical reasons. Since DNAPL's are denser than water, their movement is not governed by the direction of ground water flow as is generally the case for other ground water contaminants. Additionally, DNAPLs' interactions with aquifer solids through processes such as sorption tend to make the pollution linger or sometimes apparently disappear, only to return later. Unfortunately, pump-and-treat systems, the traditional way ground water contamination is addressed, have not been effective in cleaning DNAPL contaminated water. Other remediation technologies continue to be developed to address these problems. Policy changes will also be necessary to effectively address the difficulties associated with ground water remediation.     

锰尾矿区有机菌肥-速生树种的生态修复效应

在锰尾矿区建立了4.5hm²生态修复工程区，以速生树种泡桐（Paulownia tomentosa）和栾树（Koelreuteriapaniclata）作为建群植物，采用有机菌肥改良其根际环境，利用土壤库存耐性植物种子的自然萌发力来丰富物种多样性.结果表明，工程实施后第6a，有机菌肥处理植物群落干物质生物总量达到33498.7kg/hm²，Mn吸收积累量达到5532.6g/hm²，植物种类数达到51种，分别为无机化肥对照的22.8、2.6和3.4倍；有机菌肥处理的植物群落Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn和Cr的总积累量、根际微生物种类及其数量也显著大于对照.有机菌肥的改良机制可归结于其与植物根系、根际微生物对基质的共同作用.有机菌肥处理区泡桐和栾树的总株数不到该区植物总株数的0.2%，但其干物质生物量、锰吸收量与盖度分别为该区的88%、73%和55.2%.速生树种泡桐和栾树对该区生态修复起到了"主导"作用.     

Mixed surfactant washing of petroleum contaminants from the soils and sediments in the unsaturated zone

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深基坑滑塌分析及钢管桩补救技术

本文在全面分析了位于广州水荫路某基坑的工程地质及施工状况后，结合Morgenstern-Price等条分模型的计算方法对基坑边坡稳定性进行了计算分析，并指出该基坑出现滑塌失稳的形成机制，最后提出相应的钢管桩补救治理措施。     

地下水污染修复技术:可渗透反应墙

可渗透反应墙技术(permeable reactive barrier)是一种将溶解的污染物从污染水体中去除的钝性处理技术,是近年来比较流行的地下水污染原位处理方法,许多欧美国家已开始进入广泛的应用。介绍了该处理方法的基本原理、系统的主要结构类型、反应材料的选取等,并着重介绍了Fe0-PRB技术及其相关的技术。     

Remediation performance and mechanisms of Cu and Cd contaminated water and soil using Mn/Al-layered double oxide-loaded biochar

The combined pollution of heavy metals is ubiquitous worldwide. Mn/Al-layered double oxide-loaded crab shells biochar (LDO/BC) was prepared, so as to remediate the combined pollution of Cd and Cu in soil and water. The pristine and used LDO/BC were characterized and the results revealed that the layered double oxide was successfully loaded on crab shells biochar (BC) and metal element Ca in crab shells was beneficial to the formation of more regular layered and flake structure. The maximal adsorption capacity (Q_m) of LDO/BC for aqueous Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was 66.23 and 73.47 mg/g, respectively. LDO/BC and BC were used to remediate e-waste-contaminated soil for the first time and exhibited highly efficient performance. The extraction amount of Cu and Cd in the contaminated soil by diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) after treating with 5% LDO/BC was significantly reduced from 819.84 to 205.95 mg/kg (with passivation rate 74.8%) and 8.46 to 4.16 mg/kg (with passivation rate 50.8%), respectively, inferring that the bioavailability of heavy metals declined remarkably. The experimental result also suggested that after remediation by LDO/BC the exchangeable and weak acid soluble Cu and Cd in soil translated to reducible, residual and oxidizable fraction which are more stable state. Precipitation, complexation and ion exchange were proposed as the possible mechanisms for Cd and Cu removal. In general, these experiment results indicate that LDO/BC can be a potentially effective reagent for remediation of heavy metal contaminated water and soil.     

阴极pH控制对电动修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染高岭土影响研究

试验选用重铬酸钾作为污染物,配制高岭土中Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量分数为100mg/kg和500mg/kg。试验研究了对阴极电解产生的OH-的控制对电动修复效率的影响以及不同的控制方式对电动修复效率的影响。试验结果表明:对阴极电解产生的pH进行控制可以明显提高Cr(Ⅵ)去除效率;多种控制方式中,以盐酸的中和控制最为有效,可使去除效率达到90.8%,但引起的土壤酸化问题应当进一步进行研究。     

VOC removal from contaminated groundwater through membrane pervaporation. (Ⅱ): 1,1,1-trichloroethane- SDS surfactant solution system

The conventional “ pump-and-treat“ technology for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds(VOCs) such as 1,1, l-trichloroethane(TCA), a common chlorinated organic solvent, has hmitation of prohibitively long treatment time due to extremely low water solubility of the VOCs. Surfactant-based soil remediation has emerged as the effective technology that substantially reduces the treatment time. In order to make the whole process economical, the surfactant used in soil washing has to be recovered and reused. This study examined the recovery of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate( SDS), from soil remediation fluids containing TCA, using a bench-scale membrane pervaporation unit. The effects of high TCA concentration, surfactant dosage, and flow rate on permeationflux and selectivity( a value) of the process were evaluated. In general, higher surfactant concentration yielded lower TCA flux and constantwater flux, resulting in declining a values; higher flow rate of TCA feed stream results in higher VOC flux and selectivity, an indication of the effect of concentration polarization; higher TCA feed concentration produces higher TCA permeation across the membrane, however, the seletlvity was virtually unchanged unless the total TCA concentratinn exceeded 2000 ppm.     

生物法修复铬污染土壤的研究

用生物修复技术来处理受铬污染的土壤，利用自然界中微生物，通过生物还原反应，将Cr(Ⅵ)还原成三价铬。先是通过土壤与合铬的培养基一起培养，筛选出5种能还原Cr(Ⅵ)的菌种，鉴定其菌属，并试验用这些菌种处理铬污染土壤的效果。同时还考虑了pH值对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明：筛选出5种菌种可以还原Cr(Ⅵ)；混菌处理效果最好，最高可达到100％；混菌处理污染土壤的适宜pH值范围为6．0—8．0。     

VOC removal from contaminated groundwater through membrane pervaporation. (Ⅰ): Water-1,1,1-trichloroethane system

IntroductionRapidindustrializationofthelastcenturybroughtwithhugeenvironmentalcosts:vastquantitiesoforganicsolventsweredisposedofintheoceans ,rivers lakes,andmorelikelyinthesoil(Hunter,2 0 0 0 ) .Amongallorganicsolventsthatcontaminatesoilandconsequently,thegroundwater,isagroupofchlorinatedorganicsolventsthatareparticularlyproblematic(Love ,1 982 ) .Thesesolventshaveverylowwatersolubility,lowbiodegradability,andhigherdensitythanthatofwater.Asaresult,thesesolventssettlethroughthewatertableuntil…