生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程实例分析

本文通过实例阐述了“混凝沉淀+两级A/O(缺氧/好氧)-MBR系统(膜生物反应器)+SWRO(海水淡化反渗透)”组合工艺在生活垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用。实际运行结果表明,当进水平均COD浓度为2668.7 mg/L、NH₃-N质量浓度为2910 mg/L时,出水平均COD浓度为7.6 mg/L、NH₃-N质量浓度为1.9 mg/L,水质可满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)要求,运行成本合计约为60元/m³.本工程实例将为我国生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理提供技术支持与经验参考。     

混凝预处理及膜面流速控制对微滤膜污染的影响研究

为研究膜面流速和混凝预处理对微滤过程膜污染的综合影响,用旋流式膜混凝反应器进行了不同流量、入口管径、混凝剂投加量下的除浊试验。结果表明,直接微滤时,高膜面流速加剧了初期膜的孔堵污染,但抑制了滤饼层的累积,适于长期运行;在质量浓度为0~18 mg/L范围内增大聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量可显著抑制膜过滤阻力的增长;以速度梯度（G）表征絮体状态,由于絮体尺寸和错流的综合作用,投加混凝剂后,G在20~70 s-1范围内,414.64 s-1时微滤膜污染较轻。     

Preferential binding between intracellular organic matters and Al13 polymer to enhance coagulation performance

Coagulation is the best available method for removing intracellular organic matter (IOM), which is released from algae cells and is an important precursor to disinfection by-products in drinking water treatment. To gain insight into the best strategy to optimize IOM removal, the coagulation performance of two Al salts, i.e., aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl, containing 81.2% Al₁₃), was investigated to illuminate the effect of Al species distribution on IOM removal. PACl showed better removal efficiency than AlCl₃ with regard to the removal of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), owing to the higher charge neutralization effect and greater stability of pre-formed Al₁₃ species. High pressure size exclusion chromatography analysis indicated that the superiority of PACl in DOC removal could be ascribed to the higher binding affinity between Al₁₃ polymer and the low and medium molecular weight (MW) fractions of IOM. The results of differential log-transformed absorbance at 254 and 350?nm indicated more significant formation of complexes between AlCl₃ and IOM, which benefits the removal of tryptophan-like proteins thereafter. Additionally, PACl showed more significant superiority compared to AlCl₃ in the removal of < 5?kDa and hydrophilic fractions, which are widely viewed as the most difficult to remove by coagulation. This study provides insight into the interactions between Al species and IOM, and advances the optimization of coagulation for the removal of IOM in eutrophic water.     

The influence of particle size and concentration combined with pH on coagulation mechanisms

In order to evaluate the influence of particle size and particle concentration on the coagulation process, two kinds of particle suspensions, nanoparticles and microparticles,were employed to investigate the effect of particle size on coagulation mechanisms with varying coagulation parameters. Results showed that it is easier for nanoparticles to cause self-aggregation because of Brownian motion, while interception and sedimentation are the mainly physical processes affecting particle transport for microparticles, so they are more stable and disperse more easily. The particle size distribution and particle concentration had distinct influence on the coagulation mechanisms. Under neutral conditions, as the amount of coagulant increased, the coagulation mechanism for nanoparticles changed from charge neutralization to sweep flocculation and the nanoparticles became destabilized, re-stabilized and again destabilized. For microparticles, although the coagulation mechanism was the same as that of nanoparticles, the increased rate of aluminum hydroxide precipitation exceeded the adsorption of incipiently formed soluble alum species, resulting in the disappearance of the re-stabilization zone. Under acidic conditions, Brownian motion dominates for nanoparticles at low particle concentrations, while sweep flocculation is predominant at high particle concentrations. As for microparticles, charge neutralization and sweep flocculation are the mechanisms for low and high particle concentrations respectively.Under alkaline condition, although the mechanisms for both nano-and microparticles are the same, the morphology of flocs and the kinetics of floc formation are different. At low particle concentrations, nanoparticles have larger growth rate and final size of flocs, while at high particle concentrations, nanoparticles have higher fractal dimension and recovery factors.     

粘胶纤维生产废水处理的工艺研究

处理粘胶纤维生产废水的工艺，采用分步逐段的技术方法，即酸，碱废水混曝气除硫化物加碱一步沉淀法除锌的处理技术以及用新型氧化混凝剂继续处理废水的有机物ＣＯＤｃｒ，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ为５０ｍｇ／Ｌ左右，ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去除率达８１．３７％，达到国家及地方排放标准。     

炼油废水高效处理的工艺流程和操作方法

本文论述了采用组合式隔油与两级混凝气浮串联工艺处理某炼油厂的含油废水的运行情况。由于各个处理单元及整套工艺的设计合理、操作方法正确 ,该套废水处理系统出水中的油类浓度降至 5～ 8m g/ L,COD浓度降至 45～ 5 5 mg/ L ,SS降至 3 1～ 5 1mg/ L,去除率分别超过 98%、92 %与 83 %。工程实施两年多来 ,运行稳定 ,能回收油类 ,具有良好的经济效益。     

含油污水的复合方法处理实验研究

含油污水具有成分复杂，量大面广，含油量高，水质差别大，处理过程复杂等特点。采用凝絮—吸附—过滤复合方法，选择合适的污水处理工艺，对含油污水进行处理回用，处理后的水质可以达到工业污水排放标准。且凝絮—吸附—过滤方法工艺简单，成本低廉，可以达到改善环境，降低成本的良好效果，是具有应用和推广前途的含油污水处理方法。     

冷轧废水处理的试验研究

采用混凝－ＳＢＲ生化－砂滤工艺，以超滤处理后的冷轧废水进行了处理。结果表明，ＣＯＤｃｒ为５９０￣１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的冷轧超滤废水经该工艺处理后，ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＢＯＤ５的平均去除率分别为８２．５％和９４．３％，出水达到国家排放标准。     

混凝-PAC-超滤膜工艺处理微污染原水的试验研究

混凝、粉末活性炭(PAC)与超滤膜联用对微污染原水中的浊度、有机物等有很高的去除率.经过550 min的连续运行后,其组合工艺的出水浊度仍稳定在0.350 NTU,对UV254和TOC的去除率稳定在60%和40%.通过对膜过滤特性的研究可知,组合工艺中超滤膜过滤性能经过短暂的快速下降阶段后一直处于较稳定状态.膜污染由小分子有机物引起.     

絮凝沉淀-H2O2/UV体系处理发制品废水的研究

研究了发制品废水经絮凝沉淀－H2O2／UV体系处理的可行性。结果表明，废水经处理后，COD去除率可达90％以上，色度去除率达100％，探讨了投药量、反应pH、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响，并比较了H2O2／F^2 、H2O2／UV、H2O2／Fe^2 ／UV三种体系的处理效果。