Concentrations of heavy metals and aquatic macrophytes of Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar an anthropogenic lake affected by coal mining effluent

Five heavy metals Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg were found in high concentration from three sampling sites located in Asia’s largest anthropogenic lake Govind Ballabh Pant GBP Sagar. Concentrations of these heavy metals were measured in Water, bottom sediment and in different parts of the aquatic macrophytes collected from the reservoir. Plants collected from the lake were Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla pinnata, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Potamogeton pectinatus, Marsilea quadrifolia, Pistia stratiotes, Ipomea aquqtica, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Aponogeton natans. These plants have shown the high concentrations of Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb and Hg in their different parts due to bioaccumulation. In general plant roots exhibited higher concentrations of heavy metals than corresponding sediments. A comparison between different morphological tissues of the sampled plants reveled the metal concentration in following order roots > leaves. Analyses of bottom sediment indicated the higher concentrations of Cd, Mn, Cu and Pb. Strong positive correlations were obtained between the metals in water and in plants as well as between metal in sediment and in plants. Indicating the potential of these plants for pollution monitoring of these metals.     

人工湿地-CRI技术对医院废水处理效果的研究

采用人工湿地技术与人工快速渗滤系统工艺(CRI)相结合,通过物理、化学、微生物等作用,对医院废水进行净化处理,出水COD、BOD5、SS、TP去除率均达到87%以上,达到污水综合排放标准二级标准,其中出水粪大肠菌群含量为20个/L,优于污水综合排放一级标准。     

稀土改进型Fenton氧化法处理高浓度活性染料废水

研究了稀土双氧水处理高浓度活性染料废水的最佳反应条件。探讨了双氧水加入量、稀土量、温度及反应时间对COD去除率的影响。     

焦化行业酚氰废水处理工艺现状浅析

酚氰废水含有大量的有毒有害物质,同时由于浓度高,成分复杂,导致处理难度增大,随着环保工作要求的逐年提高,酚氰废水的处理效果问题愈发凸现.本文通过对酚氰废水来源、水质特点、处理工艺对比分析,详细阐述了焦化行业目前的处理工艺演变过程和处理现状水平.     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水的研究

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在中温条件下处理含五氯酚(PCP)模拟废水时工艺特点及PCP降解机理。结果表明:①在以处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物(VSS接种量约15 g /L),运行温度为(35±1) ℃,水力停留时间为20～24 h,进水COD浓度为2 500～2 800 mg/L;进水PCP浓度由1.0 mg/L上升至8.0 mg/L条件下,120 d左右完成启动,PCP和COD去除率分别为94%及86%以上。②高效液相色谱仪检测结果分析表明,PCP厌氧降解的途径是首先经间位脱氯生成四氯酚和2,4,6－三氯酚,再经邻位和对位脱氯生成2,4－二氯酚和邻氯苯酚,最后矿化为CH₄和CO₂。      

Potential for Advanced Technology to Improve Air Quality and Human Health in Shanghai

/ Air quality in most Asian cities is poor and getting worse. It will soon become impossible to sustain population, economic, and industrial growth without severe deterioration of the atmospheric environment. This paper addresses the city of Shanghai, the air-quality problems it faces over the next 30 years, and the potential of advanced technology to alleviate these problems. Population, energy consumption, and emission profiles are developed for the city at 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees resolution and extrapolated from 1990 to 2020 using sector-specific economic growth factors. Within the context of the RAINS-Asia model, eight technology scenarios are examined for their effects on ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide and sulfate and their emission control costs. Without new control measures, it is projected that the number of people exposed to sulfur dioxide concentrations in excess of guidelines established by the World Health Organization will rise from 650,000 in 1990 to more than 14 million in 2020. It is apparent that efforts to reduce emissions are likely to have significant health benefits, measured in terms of the cost of reducing the number of people exposed to concentrations in excess of the guidelines ($10-50 annually per person protected). Focusing efforts on the control of new coal-fired power plants and industrial facilities has the greatest benefit. However, none of the scenarios examined is alone capable of arresting the increases in emissions, concentrations, and population exposure. It is concluded that combinations of stringent scenarios in several sectors will be necessary to stabilize the situation, at a potential cost of $500 million annually by the year 2020. KEY WORDS: Coal; China; Shanghai; Sulfur dioxide; Air quality; Health effects     

Application of coal ash to environmental improvement: Transformation into zeolite, potassium fertilizer, and FGD absorbent

The rapid increase in population and economic growth have led to an increase in energy demand. Coal reserves are distributed worldwide, and coal is now known to be the most stable and available energy source. However, utilization of coal as an energy source involves the generation of a great amount of coal ash, and the recycling rate of the ash is rather low. Coal ash is mainly used in civil construction materials, and there is a limit to the demand for coal ash by construction industries: therefore, the increasing amount of coal ash will be a serious problem in the near future. Different applications should be considered. In this paper, three environmentally-friendly methods for coal ash recycling are described. Firstly, alkali treatment can transform coal ash to zeolite, which is used in deodorant and for wastewater treatment and soil improvement. Secondly, potassium silicate fertilizer is produced from coal ash and has a higher retentivity in the soil than that of conventional fertilizers. Thirdly, emission of sulfur dioxide is controlled by flue gas desulfurization using coal ash. It is considered that environmentally-friendly use of coal ash is important from the viewpoints of energy, economy, and environmental strategy in order to realize the concept of sustainable development.     

烤胶废料活性炭对含铬废水的处理能力

介绍了微波照射下氯化锌法制取烤胶废料活的方法,用该方法所制烤胶废料活性炭处理含废水的结果表明,烤胶废料活性炭具有吸附容量大,过滤速度快,操作控制方便等优点,活性炭对铬的吸附容量是市售一级粉末活性炭的１．８倍。     

鱼类加工废水絮凝床─SBR处理技术的应用

在鱼类加工废水蛋白质资源回收利用基础上,应用絮凝床预处理技术（ＣＦＢ） Ｅ以简单的ＳＢＲ生化法成功地处理了该类废水,实验表明,以ＣＦＢ技术为主线开发的鱼类加工废水处理工艺,具有技术先进、处理效果好、运行稳定可靠、管理简便、经济实用等特点,在实际应用中有广阔的前景。     

水对防治煤炭自燃的作用及注水周期的研究

通过对水在采空区遗煤氧化及自燃的作用机理两重性的分析以及实验室试验与现场应用实际效果研究 ,证实了笔者提出的清水灌注措施是一种新的、经济有效的、操作简便的防治采空区遗煤自燃的技术措施。同时 ,对传统的黄泥灌浆技术措施中的泥浆浓度要求提出了新的看法。此外 ,还对往采空区注水的周期进行了专门的研究