Simulation analysis on structure safety of coal mine mobile refuge chamber under explosion load

In order to check structural strength of coal mine mobiles refuge chamber, and do security evaluation of the mobile refuge chamber, a refuge chamber model was established, then a finite element method was instituted for it to ensure the refuge chamber would not be severely damaged when gas or coal dust explosion suddenly happened. A triangle shock wave with 1.2 MPa over-pressure, 300 ms lasting time was settled. Explicit nonlinear dynamic analysis program was used to simulate response of the refuge chamber. The maximum stress was 244 MPa, located in central part of sides and tail end of the last capsule. The maximum displacement was 29.32 mm, located in central part of sides and tail end of the last capsule. The calculation indicated that the refuge chamber was not obviously damaged. It could reliable work to meet safety requirements. Compared with the reported experimental results, the simulation method was verified. Based on analysis, suggestions were put forward for further improving.     

废旧胶粉的制作及利用现状

简要介绍废旧胶粉的制造方法,以及胶粉在实际生产、生活当中的应用现状。提高废旧胶粉的再利用技术,拓展其应用领域,是节约资源、保护环境,促进国民经济增长方式转变和可持续发展的重要措施。     

西部开发中的煤矿区生态环境保护与重建问题

分析了西部尤其是西北地区煤矿区生态环境坡坏的现状，确定了矿区重庆重建工程的目标，提出了矿区生态环境保护与重建的具体措施。     

Flame propagation in hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane

To investigate the flame propagation through hybrid mixture of coal dust and methane in a combustion chamber, a high-speed video camera with a microscopic lens and a Schlieren optical system were used to record the flame propagation process and to obtain the direct light emission photographs. Flame temperature was detected by a fine thermocouple. The suspended coal dust in the mixture of methane and air was ignited by an electric spark. The flame propagation speeds and maximum flame temperatures of the mixture were analyzed. The results show that the co-presence of coal dust and methane improves the flame propagation speed and maximum flame temperature notably, which become much higher than that of the single-coal dust flame. The flame front temperature varies with the coal dust concentration.     

改性超细粉体灭火性能模拟实验研究

针对新一代超细高效粉体灭火剂的要求,构建了一套小型固定式粉体灭火装置,对3种粉体的灭火性能进行对比研究,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察粉体颗粒的粒径分布和表面形态,研究了粒径等因素影响粉体灭火性能的规律,指出了改性前后粉体灭火时间不同的原因.实验结果表明,与普通干粉相比,经改性细化的粉体的灭火时间缩短了1/2,灭火性能显著提高.     

Suppression effects of powder suppressants on the explosions of oxyhydrogen gas

Suppression tests of oxyhydrogen gas explosions were performed in an explosion tube with five types of dry powder used as the suppressants. The experimental results showed that the powder with large dust cloud density and small radius has better suppression effect, which agrees well with previous correlative results. Moreover, our results also showed that particles with chemical activity and light material density, their suppression effect are more prominent than that of the inert particles with heavy density. To discover the detailed suppression process of dust powder, governing equations were developed based on the homogeneous reactive two-phase flow. The TVD scheme and the Lax–Wendroff–Rubin scheme were adopted to solve the reactive gas phase and particle phase, respectively. The time splitting technique was employed to handle the stiffness of the coupled equations. Our calculated results showed that the dust cloud has the suppression effect on the explosion of oxyhydrogen gas, and with the increase of dust cloud density or the decrease of particle diameter, its suppression effect become more evident, which is in good agreement with our experimental results, in addition, the numerical results showed that with the same particle diameter, the suppression performance is enhanced with the reduction in particle material density.     

粉料无尘装车技术及其在电除尘器、大布袋除尘器输灰系统中的应用

传统电除尘器、大布袋除尘器输灰系统存在工艺繁杂、能耗大、输送速度慢、系统难于维护及二次扬尘问题,电除尘器、大布袋除尘器输灰系统采用粉料无尘装车技术可有效简化工艺、提高生产速度和系统运行、维护可靠性,很大程度减少能耗并彻底根除二次扬尘。     

MBR与SMBR脱氮除磷特性及膜污染控制

为提高污水深度处理效能和工艺运行的稳定性,研究以序批式膜生物反应器(SMBR)与传统膜生物反应器(MBR)为对象,对比研究其脱氮除磷特性、缺氧时间对工艺效率的影响及膜污染控制策略,同时应用分子生物学技术对两种工艺中微生物群落结构和组成进行分析.结果表明,间歇曝气能强化系统脱氮,使SMBR工艺去除总氮效果优于MBR,而在氨氮、总磷、COD、浊度去除方面两者无明显差异,去除率分别为94%、78%、80%、97%.延长SMBR工艺缺氧时间对COD、氨氮去除无显著影响,降低了总氮、总磷的去除率,总氮去除率由61%下降到46%,总磷由74%下降到52%.采用间歇曝气和投加一定浓度的粉末活性炭(PAC)均有利于减缓膜污染.微生物群落分析发现,两种工艺中微生物群落结构和组成无显著差异,硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)和脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)为系统中的高丰度功能菌群,为工艺高效运行提供了生物学基础.     

改性凹凸棒土及粉末活性炭助凝聚硅硫酸铝消除微污染水中有机氯

以硅酸钠和硫酸铝为原料制备了聚硅硫酸铝絮凝剂(PASS),采用强化混凝的处理方法,对微污染水中有机氯(OCPs)的消除进行了研究.同时,考察了混凝剂投加量、pH值、原水浊度、粉末活性炭和改性凹凸棒土助凝剂等因素对OCPs消除效果的影响.结果表明:PASS投加量为5 mg·L-1时,OCPs的去除率可以达到57%~87%,浊度去除率可以达到99.1%,其效果好于聚合氯化铝(PAC);PASS混凝处理OCPs的最佳pH值范围是6~7;OCPs的去除与浊度的去除具有显著相关性,原水浊度的大小会影响OCPs的去除,低浊条件下OCPs和浊度的去除率明显低于中浊和高浊条件;粉末活性炭和改性凹凸棒土作为助凝剂与PASS复配均可显著提高OCPs的去除率,分别达到78%~100%和72%~95%.相较而言,凹凸棒土储量丰富,廉价易得,因此,以改性凹凸棒土替代粉末活性炭更有优势.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.