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161.
162.
沿海港口水域污染及其治理对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了我国港口的水域污染现状,指出港湾水域和近海污染已成为我国海洋污染的重点。分别阐述了港口水域的主要污染和污染物:疏浚物,化学品,生活污水,货物粉尘,垃圾及重金属等的来源及其危害。同时,提出改善港口环境管理和提高港口水域污染防污技术的方法和措施。 相似文献
163.
The case is made in this paper for early and integrative public participation in planning decisions concerning proposals major
development in the zone. This is perhaps easy to subscribe to in theory but much more difficult in practice. Currently the
extent and timing of public involvement in such decisions varies widely. A key benefit is the legitimacy that public participation
provides to the planning process and, perhaps as a result, a variety of public involvement methodologies have emerged. Important
considerations include which sections of the public to involve and at what stage in the decision-making process to involve
them. The multidisciplinary nature of coastla zone issues will tend to engage a wide variety of stakeholder groups who in
turn will influence the topics for discussion. A major port expansion proposal in the UK is used to illustrate a range of
ways in which the public can be involved. The case study also highlights that public participation is an uncertain science,
and to be successful can require skilled personnel and significant resources. The papper concludes that more guidance for
developers, some standardisation of public involvement, training for facilitatiors and a more responsible stance from some
environmental pressure groups would be advantageous. The complexity of coastal decision-making, tensions between science and
policy, and the inter-dependency of coastal activities mutually reinforce the view that inclusive participation is an important
issue for all coastal communities. 相似文献
164.
Detection of Coastal Saline Land Uses with Multi-Temporal Landsat Images in Shangyu City,China 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Many coastal regions in China are confronted with pressing problems of scarce land resources and heavy population. Over the
past 30 years, considerable parts of coastal tidelands have been enclosed and reclaimed for agricultural land uses. To assess,
plan, and implement large-scale reclamation programs, up-to-date and reliable information concerning the nature, areal extent,
and physical and chemical characteristics of coastal saline lands is essential. This paper reports a remote sensing approach
to detecting coastal saline land uses in Shangyu City, China, by using multi-temporal Landsat images. First, with the aid
of resolution-sharpened Landsat-7 ETM+ images and their enhanced linear features, a visual interpretation is applied to extract
individual dikes. Based on time series images and local government records, a spatial zoning procedure is then used to define
six sub-zones with different historical years of reclamation. It shows that a total of 15,668 ha of coastal saline lands were
enclosed and reclaimed from 1969 to 1996. Second, a modified land-use classification system for the study area is prescribed,
and both unsupervised and supervised classifiers are performed for land-use classifications of grouped sub-zones. Information
obtained from the spatial zoning, Tasseled Cap transformation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, is also utilized
to facilitate the supervised classification process. Finally, a detailed land-use map is produced, with an overall classification
accuracy of 77.8%. Results show that dominant agricultural land uses of sub-zones are changed with historical reclamation
years, from saline lands with wildgrass (very recently reclaimed) to aqua-farm ponds, to cotton fields, and to paddy fields
and orchards (very early reclaimed). This transform process is primarily affected by soil salinities, and according to a soil
survey an electrical conductivity of saturation extract decreased from 7.3 ds/m in the saline land reclaimed in 1996 to below
2 ds/m in the land reclaimed before 1969. The study concludes that multi-temporal remotely sensed images are important and
effective data sources for monitoring the rapid changes of coastal land uses. 相似文献
165.
Zhang Yifei Lyu Min Yang Ping LaiDerrick Y.F. Tong Chuan Zhao Guanghui Li Ling Zhang Yuhan Hong Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(11)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from aquatic ecosystems are important components of the global carbon cycle, yet the CO2 emissions from coastal reservoirs, especially in developing countries where urbanization and rapid land use change occur, are still poorly understood. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations in CO2 concentrations and fluxes were investigated in Wenwusha Reservoir located in the southeast coast of China. Overall, the mean CO2 concentration and flux across the whole reservoir were 41.85 ± 2.03 µmol/L and 2.87 ± 0.29 mmol/m2/h, respectively, and the reservoir was a consistent net CO2 source over the entire year. The land use types and urbanization levels in the reservoir catchment significantly affected the input of exogenous carbon to water. The mean CO2 flux was much higher from waters adjacent to the urban land (5.05 ± 0.87 mmol/m2/hr) than other land use types. Sites with larger input of exogenous substance via sewage discharge and upstream runoff were often the hotspots of CO2 emission in the reservoir. Our results suggested that urbanization process, agricultural activities, and large input of exogenous carbon could result in large spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emissions and alter the CO2 biogeochemical cycling in coastal reservoirs. Further studies should characterize the diurnal variations, microbial mechanisms, and impact of meteorological conditions on reservoir CO2 emissions to expand our understanding of the carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
166.
Xue Bai Chang Li Lingyu Ma Pei Xin Fengjie Li Zhenjia Xu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(8):107
167.
James G. Titus 《Environmental management》1991,15(1):39-58
Climatologists generally expect an anthropogenic global warming that could raise sea level 30–150 cm in the next century and
more thereafter. One of the impacts would be the loss of coastal wetlands. Although the inundation of adjacent dryland would
enable new wetlands to form, much of this land is or will soon be developed. If developed areas are protected, wetlands will
be squeezed between an advancing sea and the land being protected, which has already happened in China and the Netherlands,
where people have built dikes for centuries.
Unlike those countries, the United States has enough land to accommodate the landward migration of wetlands; but governments
lack the funds to purchase all the coastal lowlands that might be inundated and the legal authority to prohibit their development.
We propose a third approach: allowing property owners to use coastal lowlands today as they choose, but setting up a legal
mechanism to ensure that the land is abandoned if and when sea level rises enough to inundate it. Although compensation may
be required, this approach would cost less than 1% as much as purchasing the land, and would be (1) economically efficient
by enabling real estate markets to incorporate expectations of future sea level rise; (2) constitutional by compensating property
owners; and (3) politically feasible by pleasing people who care about the long-term fate of the coastal environment without
disturbing people who either are unconcerned about the distant future or do not believe sea level will rise.
This article demonstrates that it would be irrational to delay policy formulation until sea level rise projections are more
precise. The cost will be small if we act now but great if we wait, and sea level is already rising along most coasts. The
US government should develop a strategy in the next three years.
The opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. 相似文献
168.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management as a strategy for achieving conservation and sustainable multiple use of the coastal zone
includes various types of management initiatives. Due to natural phenomena such as tides and winds and to social and economic
activities, coastal areas undergo transformation. Coastal erosion and the disappearance of beaches as a result of wrong planning
decisions and lack of effective legislation are among the most damaging effects and to reverse them requires application of
a series of engineering techniques. Beach nourishment projects as a way towards shore protection and utilization through recreational
purposes in the Spanish and Italian coasts are noteworthy in this respect.
In beach nourishment projects, the roles of various entities, both public and private, should be clearly indicated and in
the evaluation and execution stage a series of questions should be answered for the successful completion of any nourishment
project. Past projects in the Mediterranean and experiences from recent Italian projects in Anzio and Nettuno confirm this.
For example, dredging of the entrance channel of the port of Anzio enabled middle-sized ferryboats once again to enter the
port (which had not been possible before). This will in turn increase the tourism potential of the town. Nourishment of two
beaches at these sites prevented further erosion and provided more area for recreational purposes. Expected economic contribution
of beach nourishments to the regional authority was estimated for Nettuno and Anzio; the resulting theoretical payback period
was found to be 3 yr for the former and 15 yr for the latter. 相似文献
169.
This paper concludes the publication of theJournal of Coastal Conservation from 1995–2004 after the European Coastal Union and the Publishers decided to terminate the production of the journal. We
look back at the 206 research papers published in this period while concentrating on Geographical and ecological variation,
Focuses and trends, and Progress in European coastal conservation and management.
Three indices are added: (1) a list of the 206 papers; (2) an Author Index; and (3) a Subject Index based on the titles, keywords
and some additional important subjects found in the tables and figures. 相似文献
170.
M. R. Phillips E. J. Abraham A. T. Williams C. House 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2007,11(3):159-170
Fifteen beaches from the Swansea Bay coastal sediment cell, South Wales, UK, were analysed via function analysis, involving
assessment of specific environmental and socio-economic indicators. These were allocated scores from field surveys and extensive
desktop studies, which included beach awards, relevant shoreline management plans, planning and conservation designations
and current legislation. Normalised scores allowed production of a conservation/development matrix, enabling beach location
in conservation, development or conflict fields, which results appropriately identified. Conservation field beaches tended
to have a low density residential hinterland with little or no commercialisation. Conversely, beaches that leant towards the
development field had a high density residential hinterland and were highly commercialised. Evaluation showed the importance
of planning legislation in conflict areas and identified locations of development potential, where significant environmental
consequences would be unlikely. This representation could be used for evolution of conservation/development status within
coastal areas, enabling policy adjustment as necessary. It will also enable future sustainability assessment and it is suggested
that indicators could be modified to reduce environmental emphasis and provide a more uniform socio-economic consideration. 相似文献