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341.
中国海岸侵蚀危害及其防治 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
防治海岸侵蚀是减灾防灾的一项重要内容.本文从海岸侵蚀的产生机理出发,针对其造成危害的侵蚀分布特点加以论述,并给出了应采取的整治对策. 相似文献
342.
Rising demand for shrimp in the developed nations has helped to foster a dramatic growth in marine shrimp aquaculture, particularly
in South America and South Asia. In Thailand, Marine shrimp aquaculture is now an important earmer of foreign exchange. The
growth in Production has been achieved through the expansion of the culture area and the adoption of intensive production
methods. The conversion of near-shore areas to shrimp culture, however, is proving to have many consequences that impinge
on the environmental integrity of coastal areas. This paper reviews the development of Thailand's marine shrimp culture industry
and examines the nature of the environmental impacts that are emerging. It then discusses the implications these have for
rural poor and the long-term viability of the culture industry. 相似文献
343.
Mirady Sebastiani Sara Elena González María Mercedes Castillo Pablo Alvizu María Albertina Oliveira Jorge Pérez Antonio Quilici Martín Rada María Carolina Yáber Miguel Lentino 《Environmental management》1994,18(5):647-661
In Venezuela, large-scale shrimp farming began in the 1980s. By 1987, the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARNR)
had received 14 proposals for approval. A developer illegally started the construction of ponds at the Píritu Lagoon in the
State of Anzoátegui before the authorization process was completed. This action triggered a land-use conflict. This study
identifies the causes for public protest and determines the consequences of this conflict for land-use management. The results
show that public protest was based on the impacts of the partial construction of ponds. These impacts were related to direct
removal of wetlands, interruption of natural patterns of surface flows, and alteration of feeding grounds of some bird species
with migratory status. Consequences were identified in relation to the role that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play
in land-use conflicts and the actions that MARNR could take in the future to prevent and solve similar situations. 相似文献
344.
Günay Kocasoy 《Environmental management》1989,13(4):469-475
The increase in the number of tourists visiting a coast is desired by most of the countries for economic reasons. However, this increase in tourism may cause pollution of the sea. This can be only avoided by proper planning and by predicting the carrying capacity of the coast in terms of sea pollution. This is especially important for developing countries where part of the wastewater is discharged without any treatment into the sea.In the present study the beaches were classified according to their use — and consequently the amount of waste discharged into the sea — into four groups: (1) coasts that are used only for swimming and recreational purposes; (2) coasts used simultaneously for dwelling, swimming, and recreational purposes; (3) coasts along which only dwellings exist; and (4) natural and man-made harbors, i.e., coasts used as shelters. During the survey,40,320 observations were made between December 1985 and February 1988 to determine the effect of the number of tourists on seawater quality. The results obtained were analyzed by a multilinear regression program to obtain an empirical equation giving the extent of the sea pollution in terms of coliform concentration as a function of population density and some other environmental factors.The equations derived in this study enable the determination of the carrying capacity of a beach in terms of pollution as well as the expected degree of pollution corresponding to a given population density. Furthermore, it allows the prediction of the extra carrying capacity that can be obtained by improving the waste-disposal conditions. 相似文献
345.
中国海岸地带面临的重大环境变化与灾害及其防御对策 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
中国海岸地带面向21世纪的持续发展,面临着相对海面加速上升和热带气旋、风暴潮与低洼地洪涝不断加剧以及海岸环境急剧恶化等一系列重大环境变化与灾害问题。本文着重分析相对海面上升、热带气旋、风暴潮与洪水灾害以及海岸环境污染的特征、演变趋势及防御对策。 相似文献
346.
A. J. Plater J. F. Boyle C. Mayers S. D. Turner R. W. Stroud 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(1-2):71-85
The limnological record of human impact on catchment land cover and on lake sedimentation during the historical period has
been established for Pinto Lake in Central Coastal California. In addition, the sedimentary record of the ‘pre-impact’ condition
preserves evidence of a climatic control on the nature of lake sedimentation. Chronological marker horizons have been determined
using pollen data in combination with the documented land-use history and introductions of exotic species. Further chronological
data have been determined using 14C and 137Cs. The impact of Mexican and Euro-American immigrants and their ‘imported’ land-use practices is clearly reflected in an
order of magnitude increase in the rate of lake sedimentation to c. 9 kg m−2 year−1 (c. 2 cm year−1) between 1770 and 1850. Here, the occurrence of exotic plant species indicates disturbance as early as c. 1769–1797, whilst
redwood deforestation between 1844 and 1860 represents the most significant human impact. Changes in the nature of sedimentation
prior to this reveal a high degree of sensitivity to changes in precipitation where subtle decreases in lake level and the
supply of runoff-derived mineral matter have resulted in two periods of organic lake sedimentation c. 650–900 and 1275–1750. Set against this background condition of high sensitivity, the dramatic impacts of Euro-American settlement
are unsurprising.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
347.
J. Hofmann H. Behrendt A. Gilbert R. Janssen A. Kannen J. Kappenberg H. Lenhart W. Lise C. Nunneri W. Windhorst 《Regional Environmental Change》2005,5(2-3):54-81
This paper presents a holistic strategy on the interaction of activities in the Elbe river basin and their effects on eutrophication in the coastal waters of the German Bight. This catchment–coastal zone interaction is the main target of the EUROCAT (EUROpean CATchments, catchment changes and their impact on the coast) research project, with the Elbe being one of eight case studies. The definition of socio-economic scenarios is linked with the application of models to evaluate measures in the catchment by estimation of nutrient emissions with MONERIS (MOdelling Nutrient Emissions in RIver Systems), and their effects on coastal waters with the ecosystem model ERSEM (European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model). The cost effectiveness of reduction measures will then be evaluated by application of the CENER model (Cost-Effective Nutrient Emission Reduction) and a multi-criteria analysis. Finally, the interpretation of ecological integrity is used as a measure to describe ecological impacts in an aggregated form. 相似文献
348.
The impact of granivores on coastal dune seed reserves may be high, increasing along a landward gradient from the littoral
zone as the structural complexity of the habitat increases. Seasonal removal rates of non-native seeds by nocturnal and diurnal
vertebrates and ants from experimental seed trays in two habitats within the Alexandria Coastal Dunefield, South Africa, were
determined. Overall, seed removal was higher in the dune-field bush-pocket habitat than the landward thicket habitat. Nocturnal
vertebrates were the most important seed removers within bush-pockets. The importance of nocturnal vertebrates decreased in
the thicket and there was a shift in the dominant seed removers to diurnal vertebrates. Seed removal by ants and diurnal vertebrates
did not differ significantly between the bush-pockets and thicket while that of nocturnal vertebrates showed a significant
change. This can be ascribed to the abundance of the omnivorous murid rodentGerbillurus paeba exilis in the bush-pockets which is absent from thicket vegetation. 相似文献
349.
Protected Turkish areas in the Mediterranean region are compared with those of other Mediterranean countries. Policies followed
in Turkey for conservation protection of the natural and cultural environment and the use of coastal resources for tourism
are discussed. The purpose and application of Turkish law is examined with respect to the interaction between the protection
of coastal areas and tourism. Modifications on the administrative and management regulations in Turkey enabling a better use
of coastal areas is suggested by combining coastal tourism and protection. The necessity and importance of estabilishing and
managing Marine Parks in short-and long-term plans are acknowledged. 相似文献
350.
Education and public participation are recognized as important elements of coastal zone management. The current paper describes
the Uk’s largest public participation survey concerned with coastal issues. Coastwatch UK involves thousands of volunteers
in an annual survey of the coastline. The project has several aims—primarily to provide an insight into the major problems
and threats to the coastline and, through the involvement of volunteers, to raise public awareness and aid environmental education
at all levels. 相似文献