Improving sustainability through effective reuse of product returns: minimizing waste in a batch blending process environment

A case study of a successful reuse program in a batch blending production environment is presented. This program involves not only addressing the company's own potential waste, but also working with distributors and customers to take back and reuse product, thus eliminating the customers' burden of disposal. Implications of the program for downstream supply chain partners are identified and a structured approach for implementation is presented. Modification for use in similar production environments is possible, enhancing sustainability, while providing environmental as well as economic benefits.     

沈阳市人工河渠污染特征与防治对策

沈阳市运河和细河为典型人工河渠,对其污染特征和规律进行了研究和探讨,对历年的整治措施和效益进行了评述,针对生态城市建设的需要,对人工河渠未来的建设目标和对策进行展望,本文侧重论述了城市相关排污因素对人工河渠的影响以及必然经历的整治进程,对于生态城市水系建设和水环境质量改善的重点进行了概述分析。     

改进固相萃取预处理操作过程的探讨

结合固相萃取预处理技术原理和普遍操作流程,提出改进固相萃取预处理操作过程的方案.并以水中有机磷农药加标回收率为表征.进行对比实验分析.结果表明.操作过程优化对提高整个实验的准确性起非常关键的作用.而操作过程简化在保证实验效果的前提下提高实验效率.因此该改进方案可行.     

污水处理厂运行对沈阳市地表水环境质量改善的探讨

论述了沈阳市污水处理厂的建设及运行情况,在论述沈阳市污水处理厂运行状况与浑河水质变化的基础上,阐述了污水处理厂的建设与运行对水环境质量改善的作用。     

上流式曝气生物滤池两种填料启动挂膜的试验研究

在相同运行条件下,对瓷粒和陶粒2种不同填料曝气生物滤池（BAF）的启动运行进行了实验研究,考察了不同填料在挂膜过程中CODCr和NH4^＋-N的去除效果及出水NO2^--N和NO3^--N质量浓度的变化。结果表明,在常温下（20～25℃）2种填料的所需的启动时间差异较大,陶粒填料所需时间为17d,而瓷粒填料别需37d。启动挂膜过程中,两者对CODCr和NH4^＋-N可达到基本相同的去除率,但所需运行时间差异较大,陶粒BAF较之瓷粒BAF稳定,且硝化效果好于瓷粒BAF．     

新型微波化学工艺处理电镀废水初探

简要介绍微波化学工艺的反应机理和技术特点,以现有理论为基础,借助工程实践初步探讨微波化学工艺对电镀废水的处理效果。通过广东省某电镀废水处理厂对微波化学工艺的实际应用表明,该技术工艺具有投资少、调试期短、运行费用低、处理效果显著等优点,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。同时,又可以实现污水回用及废水资源化,符合国家环境保护政策,电镀废水经处理后,出水水质能够达到广东省DB44／26--2001《水污染物排放限值》一级标准。     

棉印染废水处理回用技术研究

为将污水回用于生产,降低生产成本和减少环境污染,对棉印染废水进行清浊分流,将轻质废水作为处理对象采用生化-陶瓷膜过滤工艺对废水进行深度处理后回用,处理后水质满足印染回用水水质要求,其中COD、浊度和色度去除率分别达到85％,98％和95％。将处理后水全部回用于生产,对印染产品质量无影响。     

活性污泥法对焦化废水的处理

研究了以好氧降解菌以及硝化类细菌构成的活性污泥对焦化废水中有机污染物的降解,考察了污水处理过程中,处理时间、温度、pH值等因素对降解的影响。结果表明,活性污泥对焦化废水代谢的最佳pH值是6～8,温度为30～50℃,曝气时间控制在6～8h时,活性污泥能够有效降解焦化废水中的有机污染物。     

Attitudes to conservation and water consumption

Sydney's water supply is under great pressure as the demand continues to rise. Demand mitigation strategies have had some success, but domestic consumption remains high. This paper discusses the attitudes of households to their water consumption in a search for ways in which domestic demand for water may be reduced. Evidence on attitudes of households in different kinds of housing was obtained using a telephone interview survey supplemented by information derived from focus groups drawn from households in the same areas. The information was collected in a period when strong water use restrictions were in place and major arguments were being mounted in favour of water pricing as a way of moderating demand. The paper argues that the complexity of the forces shaping demand needs to be understood in the context of the socio-demographic composition of households in different kinds of dwellings, as well as the cultural, behavioural and institutional aspects of consumption, if public policy is to be successful in reducing consumption and/or providing alternative domestic supplies of potable water.     

Breeding skylarks (Alauda arvensis) on organic and conventional arable farms in The Netherlands

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of differences in cropping pattern between organic and conventional arable farms on the breeding activity of skylarks and to assess the effects of arable crop management on skylark nest survival. Skylark nest density was seven times higher on organic farms than on conventional farms (0.63 vs. 0.09 nest per 10 ha). Skylarks showed a strong preference for spring cereals, lucerne and grass leys, all of which were mainly or exclusively grown on organic farms. On organic farms nests were initiated during the entire breeding season, but on conventional farms no nesting activity was found during the peak of the season (early May to early June). On organic farms 27% of all nests was successful. Increasing the availability of suitable breeding habitat during the peak of the breeding season on conventional farms might provide one means of enhancing breeding skylark populations. On organic farms, crop management should focus on reducing nest loss due to farming operations.