A risk-estimation methodological framework using quantitative assessment techniques and real accidents’ data: Application in an aluminum extrusion industry

The risk estimation presumably is the most crucial part of the entire procedure of assessing hazards/unsafe situations in the work, and especially in the industries’ and constructions’ worksites, where the working conditions are unstable. We can consider the risk as a quantity, which can be estimated and expressed by a mathematical relation, under the help of real accidents’ data. The aim of this work is quadruplicate: (a) the development, elaboration and explanation of two new quantitative risk-assessment techniques, (b) the improvement of specific points of other scientific works, as far as concerns quantitative risk estimation, (c) the application of these techniques on an industrial productive procedure (as a case study) and (d) the comparison of their outcome risk-estimation results. Particularly, we develop and analyze the theoretical background of the two techniques, which we call as “proportional technique” and “decision matrix technique”, and apply them on an aluminum extrusion industry's worksite, which is situated in Greece, by using real data of potential sources of hazards, recorded by safety managers, during the 5.5-year time period of 1999–2004. Comparing the results of the two quantitative risk-assessment techniques, we infer that they are compatible. Therefore, the most important hazard source in the aluminum industry is the “squeezing and hits by dropping objects (transported by derricks)”, and imposes that immediate suppressive measures must be taken place to abolish the danger source.     

环境样品中汞的最佳消解方法选择

本文通过选取（COD〈5ug／L、5-10ug／L、10-50ug／L、〉50ug／L4个范围内的水样，分别用4种消解方法：直接加硝酸法、溴酸钾、澳化钾法、高锰酸钾-过硫酸钾法（近沸保温法和煮沸法）进行汞的测定。通过测定结果对比，确定了在不同COD值的情况下，选择冷原子吸收光谱法测汞的最佳条件。     

Current status of municipal wastewater treatment plants in North-east China: implications for reforming and upgrading

● The performance and costs of 20 municipal WWTPs were analyzed. ● Effluent COD and NH₄⁺-N effluent exceed the limits more frequently in winter. ● Nitrification and refractory pollutant removal are limited at low temperatures. ● To meet the national standards, electricity cost must increase by > 42% in winter. ● Anammox, granular sludge, and aerobic denitrification are promising technologies. Climate affects the natural landscape, the economic productivity of societies, and the lifestyles of its inhabitants. It also influences municipal wastewater treatment. Biological processes are widely employed in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and the prolonged cold conditions brought by the winter months each year pose obstacles to meeting the national standards in relatively cold regions. Therefore, both a systematic analysis of existing technical bottlenecks as well as promising novel technologies are urgently needed for these cold regions. Taking North-east China as a case, this review studied and analyzed the main challenges affecting 20 municipal WWTPs. Moreover, we outlined the currently employed strategies and research issues pertaining to low temperature conditions. Low temperatures have been found to reduce the metabolism of microbes by 58% or more, thereby leading to chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH₄⁺-N levels that have frequently exceeded the national standard during the winter months. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix tends to lead to activated sludge bulking issues. Widely employed strategies to combat these issues include increasing the aeration intensity, reflux volume, and flocculant addition; however, these strategies increase electricity consumption by > 42% in the winter months. Internationally, the processes of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), granular sludge, and aerobic denitrification have become the focus of research for overcoming low temperature. These have inspired us to review and propose directions for the further development of novel technologies suitable for cold regions, thereby overcoming the issues inherent in traditional processes that have failed to meet the presently reformed WWTP requirements.     

大跨斜拉桥的近断层地震响应及减震控制

近断层地震长周期成分丰富,存在速度大脉冲效应;而大跨度斜拉桥一般采用半漂浮体系或漂浮体系,所以固有频率较低。为了研究大跨度斜拉桥在近断层地震作用下的反应规律及减震措施,利用ANSYS软件分析了某半漂浮体系的大跨斜拉桥在近断层地震作用下的时程响应,并对其减震控制方法进行了探讨。研究表明,大跨度斜拉桥的近断层地震响应随着PGV/PGA值的增大而增大,且增大幅度较大,近场脉冲效应较为显著;对于近断层地震作用,不建议采用塔梁弹性连接装置作为主梁纵漂的减震措施,而采用参数适宜的铅挤压阻尼器和粘滞阻尼器则均能获得很好的减震效果;由于大跨度斜拉桥的近断层地震反应较大,应提高其支座的设计允许位移。     

高寒地区雷达装备保障问题研究

目的研究破解高寒地区雷达装备保障问题的对策。方法采取查阅文献、实地查看、实装操作等方法分析研究高寒地区环境对雷达装备保障的影响。结果从打牢基础、精心保障;未雨绸缪、超前保障;紧贴实战、专项保障;机关指导,高效保障四方面,提出了破解高寒地区雷达装备保障问题的对策。结论高寒地区环境因素影响降低了雷达装备环境适应性,降低了其原有的作战效能。研究分析结果将对预防高寒地区雷达装备故障、延长装备服役年限,提高装备保障水平和作战能力,有着重要的现实意义。     

低温环境对作业人员的影响及评价

低温环境在许多行业中都存在,它能影响作业人员的工作效率,甚至危害其身体健康,是劳动保护和劳动安全不可忽视的一个方面。本文主要从工程及生理学角度介绍不同的低温环境对作业人员的影响及相应的生理学反应;讨论对低温环境影响的评价方法及其应用,为低温环境作业人员的劳动保护及劳动安全提供一定的生理学依据。     

高压挤压技术预处理分离城市混合生活垃圾的研究

采用自主设计的高压挤压小试装置,将城市混合生活垃圾分为干、湿两种组分。分析其性质表明:在20 MPa和40 MPa挤压压力下,干组分含水率低于30%,热值从2 778 k J/kg分别提升至14 503,11 659 k J/kg。湿组分性质与混合垃圾中的厨余组分相近,易腐成分含量高,可采用厌氧消化处理回收生物质能。采用高压挤压技术作为预处理手段,垃圾能源最大可回收量达5 340 k J/kg,相对直接焚烧提高近90%。高压挤压技术作为预处理手段,可有效提升城市混合生活垃圾的处理效率和能源回收效率。     

冷原子荧光测定痕量汞影响空白值的因素

阐述了冷原子荧光法测定痕量汞影响空白值的诸因数，提出了消除方法。     

对YYG—2型冷原子荧光测汞仪的改进研究

我们通过对YYG-2型冷原子测汞仪荧光室和相应气路系统的改进,克服了原仪器在操作过程中汞蒸汽直接排于工作台面的现象,提高了仪器的稳定性能和灵敏度,减少了操作步骤和节省了载气,在不同程度上还减化了原仪器结构。通过实践证明改进后的仪器基本上满足了环境监测或其它测试分析的要求。     

内接头锻件成形工艺分析与模具设计

提出了采用预成形和正反挤成形生产内接头新工艺 ,通过有限元模拟和分析确定了合理的预制坯形状和尺寸 ,设计了内接头预成形和正反挤成形模具。