对YYG—2型冷原子荧光测汞仪的改进研究

我们通过对YYG-2型冷原子测汞仪荧光室和相应气路系统的改进,克服了原仪器在操作过程中汞蒸汽直接排于工作台面的现象,提高了仪器的稳定性能和灵敏度,减少了操作步骤和节省了载气,在不同程度上还减化了原仪器结构。通过实践证明改进后的仪器基本上满足了环境监测或其它测试分析的要求。     

Simulating regeneration and vegetation dynamics in Mediterranean coniferous forests

This study aims to provide a quantitative framework to model the dynamics of Mediterranean coniferous forests by integrating existing ecological data within a generic mathematical simulator. We developed an individual-based vegetation dynamics model, constrained on long-term field regeneration data, analyses of tree-rings and seed germination experiments. The simulator implements an asymmetric competition algorithm which is based on the location and size of each individual. Growth is parameterized through the analysis of tree-rings from more than thirty individuals of each of the three species of interest. A super-individual approach is implemented to simulate regeneration dynamics, constrained with available regeneration data across time-since-disturbance and light-availability gradients. The study concerns an insular population of an endemic to Greece Mediterranean fir (Abies cephalonica Loudon) on the island of Cephalonia (Ionian Sea) and two interacting populations of a Mediterranean pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and a more temperate-oriented pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. pallasiana) on the island of Lesbos (NE Aegean Sea), Greece. The model was validated against plot-level observations in terms of species standing biomass and regeneration vigour and adequately captured regeneration patterns and overall vegetation dynamics in both study sites. The potential effects of changing climatic patterns on the regeneration dynamics of the three species of interest were subsequently explored. With the assumption that a warmer future would probably cause changes in the duration of cold days, we tested how this change would affect the overall dynamics of the study sites, by focusing on the process of cold stratification upon seed germination. Following scenarios of a warmer future and under the current model parameterization, changes in the overall regeneration vigour controlled by a reduction in the amount of cold days, did not alter the overall dynamics in all plant populations studied. No changes were identified in the relative dominance of the interacting pine populations on Lesbos, while the observed reduction in the amount of emerging seedlings of A. cephalonica on Cephalonia did not affect biomass yield at later stages of stand development.     

Routine, automated determination of inorganic and total mercury in multimedia using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry

A routine, automated analytical method for simultaneous determination of total and inorganic mercury by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry in multimedia is described. Excellent accuracy and precision results were obtained with human hair certified reference materials namely, BCR-397 and IAEA-086. The reproducibility relative standard deviation for total mercury was 4% and 22%, respectively. The limit of detection for total and inorganic mercury was 0.2 μg/g hair. The described method has been successfully applied in determination of total and inorganic mercury as well as organic mercury in human hair, urine and fish tissue samples.     

推制大口径弯头设计与制造工艺的研究

主要介绍了90°推制大口径弯头设计及成形的工艺过程、变形特点,分析了推制大口径弯头成形过程中金属的流动规律以及弯头内外弧壁厚与设计强度的关系。     

历史时期荆江洪灾及其成因分析

2000a来,长江荆江河段的洪灾与治理一直是举国关心的问题。本文通过对历史时期荆江洪灾史料的分析,发现荆江洪灾多数发生在气候比较寒冷时期,特别是在寒冷时期中的温暖期内。荆江洪灾的发生主要与上游洪流水量过猛有关,其次是由本区雨季连续阴雨和暴雨所造成。成灾的基础是河间平原地区的相对沉降,造成泄洪不畅。治理荆江洪灾的主要途径可考虑分洪出流措施。     

水中痕量氰化物的高灵敏冷原子吸收间接测定方法

鉴于汞冷原子吸收光度法测定汞的高灵敏度，提出了一种间接地测定水中痕量氰化物的新方法。由于汞与ＣＮ－能生成稳定的络合物，处于化合态的汞不再被还原为原子态的乘，因而，可在不经分离的情况下，用汞冷原子吸收光度法测定剩余的汞，从而求出氰化物的含量．方法经实验证明，灵敏度高，重现性好，快速简便。     

改良A^2/O工艺在寒冷地区城市污水处理中的应用

传统A^2/O工艺的脱氮除磷效果有限,特别是在寒冷地区,为提高处理效果,产生了改良A^2/O工艺。黑龙江省某市污水处理厂采用改良A^2/O工艺处理市政污水,使其处理达标排放,介绍了此处理工艺中各个构筑物的设计参数和工程运行情况。     

Energy based phenomenological model for optimizing the sheared edge in the trimming of steels

Attributes related to the dimensional quality of hot rolled steels are very important in commercial sectors that make direct use of this product, because delay or equipment damage can be avoided when forming in downstream operations. In this research, the steel sheet edge trimming process and its relationship with the defect known as broken edge is experimental and numerically studied. The type of material, horizontal clearance between knives and the energy spent during the cutting process are analyzed in detail. A metal-mechanical study is carried out for obtaining a microstructural hardness and flow stress characterization. Consequently, the edge trimming process is FEM simulated and its results in relation to knife penetration and shear stress lead to determining the energy spent during the cutting process. A mathematical model is determined under the consideration that minimum energy gives the optimum cutting conditions. The model proposes a reliable value for the horizontal clearance (H_c), between knives, taking as the principal factors: energy consumed during the edge trimming process, sheet thickness (T_h), carbon content (C) and/or its ultimate tensile strength, expressed as: H_c = α + βT_h − γC. A comparison of the recommended numerical results with the best practical conditions is carried out and a high coincidence is successfully found. This model is expected to be easily adopted as a tool where operators can adjust and control the parameters of process, and then, as a result, produce a sheet without edge trimming defects as well as a reduction in efficiency costs.     

Field investigation of pavement rehabilitation utilizing cold in-place recycling

Despite the widespread field and laboratory research works there are still a lot of unknown aspects about the cold in-place recycling. This paper presents the outcomes of a five year evaluation of a major highway in Iran which had been rehabilitated by cold in-place recycling. Before starting the rehabilitation process, a comprehensive field survey was performed. During the pavement surveying, type, severity and reason of distresses were investigated and PCI parameter was calculated. Furthermore, both destructive and nondestructive tests were carried out to evaluate the pavement condition and estimate the remaining life. On the basis of these investigations studied highway was divided to six design sections. Based on technical analysis four sections were recycled whereas two other sections were rehabilitated with the conventional cold milling and overlay method. Afterwards, the pavement performance was monitored during the next 5 years. After about six months of monitoring, structural failures were detected in about 10% of recycled areas. Based on field surveying, low compaction and load bearing of subgrade materials and lack of high quality unbound pavement layers accompanied by some shortcomings in recycled layer resulted in undesirable results in these areas. Based on obtained results and performed analysis a practical flowchart was presented which could be used as a project selection guideline.     

实体轴承保持架的冷挤压加工

此文提出了采用冷挤压成形轴承实体保持架的工艺,并对该工艺进行了实验研究。经过大量的工艺实验,找到了适宜工业生产的工艺路线。还对车制及冷挤压两种工艺生产的实体保持架组装的2314E轴承物理及使用性能进行了测试和分析。