合流制排水系统溢流调蓄技术研究及应用实例分析

排水系统雨天溢流对受纳水体的污染已日益受到关注。合流制排水系统溢流调蓄技术是控制面源污染．削减污染负荷的一项关键技术。建设调蓄池以减少排江污染负荷是重要的工程措施之一。文章介绍了调蓄池的原理和作用。并结合上海的实际情况，分析阐述了调蓄池的计算方法，为合流制排水系统面源污染控制提供技术支持，并可总结推广应用于上海及其他城市合流制排水系统污染物控制工程。     

经济絮凝剂优化处理印染废水试验研究

通过几种常用絮凝剂的筛选试验,以COD、色度为指标考察絮凝剂对印染废水处理效果的影响,得出了硫酸亚铁具有较高处理效果和较低药剂成本的结果.通过pH值试验和镁盐、亚铁盐质量比试验,确定复合絮凝剂的最佳使用条件为石灰乳,投加量质量浓度为300 mg·L-1,镁盐亚铁盐质量之比1:1.组合方案对比试验表明,MFSC复合絮凝体系对印染废水处理效果最好,其质量浓度分别在熟石灰投加量为300 mg·L-1,镁盐300 mg·L-1,硫酸亚铁300 mg·L-1时,CODCr去除率达68%,脱色率达95%,而药剂成本每吨废水仅为0.17元.     

6种含氮杂环化合物对发光细菌的毒性研究

研究了吲哚，吡啶，喹啉，异喹啉、2-甲基喹啉和8-羟基喹啉6种含氮杂环化合物对发光细菌的急性毒性作用及上述物质两两混合对发光细菌的联合毒性作用。结果表明，上述物质对发光细菌的EC50分别为11．75、591．50、24．30、8．24、52．26和0．88mg／L，毒性由强至弱依次为8-羟基喹啉、异喹啉、吲哚、喹啉、2-甲基喹、吡啶。所有物质两两混合的联合毒性作用均表现为相加作用。     

Evaluation of drinking water treatment combined filter backwash water recycling technology based on comet and micronucleus assay

Based on the fact that recycling of combined filter backwash water（CFBW）directly to drinking water treatment plants（WTP）is considered to be a feasible method to enhance pollutant removal efficiency,we were motivated to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples from two pilot-scale drinking water treatment systems,one with recycling of combined backwash water,the other one with a conventional process.An integrated approach of the comet and micronucleus（MN）assays was used with zebrafish（Danio rerio）to investigate the water genotoxicity in this study.The total organic carbon（TOC）,dissolved organic carbon（DOC）,and trihalomethane formation potential（THMFP）,of the recycling process were lower than that of the conventional process.All the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）between the conventional and recycling processes,and indicated that the genotoxicity of water samples from the recycling process did not accumulate in 15 day continuous recycling trial.It was worth noting that there was correlation between the concentrations of TOC,DOC,UV₂₅₄,and THMFPs in water and the DNA damage score,with corresponding R² values of 0.68,0.63,0.28,and 0.64.Nevertheless,both DNA strand breaks and MN frequency of all water samples after disinfection were higher than that of water samples from the two treatment units,which meant that the disinfection by-products（DBPs）formed by disinfection could increase the DNA damage.Both the comet and MN tests suggest that the recycling process did not increase the genotoxicity risk,compared to the traditional process.     

An innovative wood-chip-framework substrate used as slow-release carbon source to treat high-strength nitrogen wastewater

Removal of nitrogen in wastewater before discharge into receiving water courses is an important consideration in treatment systems. However, nitrogen removal efficiency is usually limited due to the low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. A common solution is to add external carbon sources, but amount of liquid is difficult to determine. Therefore, a combined wood-chip-framework substrate (with wood, slag and gravel) as a slow-release carbon source was constructed in baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetlands to overcome the problem. Results show that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) could reach 37.5%–85%, 57.4%–86%, 32.4%–78%, respectively, indicating the combined substrate could diffuse sufficient oxygen for the nitrification process (slag and gravel zone) and provide carbon source for denitrification process (wood-chip zone). The nitrification and denitrification were determined according to the location of slag/gravel and wood-chip, respectively. Nitrogen removal was efficient at the steady phase before a shock loading using slag-wood-gravel combined substrate because of nitrification–denitrification process, while nitrogen removal was efficient under a shock loading with wood-slag-gravel combined substrate because of ANAMMOX process. This study provides a new idea for wetland treatment of high-strength nitrogen wastewater.     

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin. To date, there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream. Moreover, little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) by the game theory. Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019. Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution, and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution. Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors. In terms of this study, an improved comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities, and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments. By contrast, water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation. The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data, but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators, whose results are relatively reasonable. All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.     

氮磷在塘-湿地组合生态系统中的去除机制研究

采用多种形式的塘和湿地组合生态工艺完善传统的生态塘和湿地系统,能实现系统处理环境的多样化,提升对氮、磷的去除效能。对山东某组合生态处理系统的研究表明,组合生态处理系统能够有效提升对氮、磷营养物的去除效果。各生态单元水环境的差异影响着氮和磷的主导去除机制,使氮、磷表现出不同的季节去除规律。其中氮的去除主要依靠生物的硝化反硝化作用。底泥中的磷按照Fe-P>OPalk>Al-P>Ca-P>OPres逐渐变为Ca-P>Fe-P>Al-P>OPalk>OPres,与磷共沉降逐渐成为的主导去除机制。     

The performance of a combined nitritation-anammox reactor treating anaerobic digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios

A combined nitritation–anammox reactor was developed to treat the digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios. Due to the difficulties for heterotroph to utilize the refractory organics, the reactor presented relatively stable performance with increasing supernatant addition. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of supernatant would accumulate during the long-term operation and thus weakened the activity and shock resistance of microbes,which further led to the gradual decrease of reactor performance after 92 days' operation.Under this circumstance, supernatant with volatile fatty acids(VFAs) residuals was further introduced into the reactor to investigate the performance of combined nitritation–anammox process with VFA addition. With the appearance of VFAs, the nitrogen removal performance gradually restored and the reactor finally achieved stable and efficient performance with C/N ratio of 0.35. The VFA residuals within 150 mg/L in the supernatant served as the extra electron donors and stimulated the heterotrophic denitrification process, which was vital for the enhancement of reactor. The nitrogen removal rate and total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 0.49 kg N/(m3·day) and 88.8% after 140 days' operation, respectively. The combined nitritation–anammox reactor was proved suitable to treat digestion supernatant.     

酸性降水和SO2复合污染对几种蔬菜影响的研究

应用开顶式熏气装置,以油菜、白菜、波菜、青茭和蕃茄为材料,分别暴露于模拟酸性降水(pH2.8~5.6)单一污染和模拟酸性降水与SO₂复合污染的环境,测定其生理代谢、生长和产量的反应。结果指出:酸性降水和SO₂复合处理对叶绿素含量,光合强度,叶片K+外渗,叶片含糖量和相对生长速率的影响大于单独酸性降水和SO₂处理,五种蔬菜在酸性降水(pH5.6~2.8)和SO₂(0.1ppm)复合处理下,减产6.0%~29.0%,表现为协同效应,比酸性降水和SO₂单独处理的危害更大。      

正确的清洁能源利用模式是解决大气污染的有效途径

以常熟清洁能源替代模式的选择为例 ,着重强调正确的清洁能源利用模式是解决大气污染的有效途径。通过对常熟大气污染和能源结构的分析确定了能源结构上的主要问题 ,针对性的提出了燃气热电联供的解决方案 ,并从政策、技术、趋势、经济成本、环境效益等方面进行了论证。本文强调合适的利用方式对于推行清洁能源的利用来解决大气污染是非常关键的 ,各城市应该选择符合自己特点的具有针对性的利用方式。