城市交通噪声对高层建筑的影响及声屏障优化设计研究

结合案例分析交通噪声对临路高层建筑声环境的影响,随着楼层的变化,噪声贡献值呈现抛物线型变化。在第3层～第5层处噪声值达到最大,然后随着楼层增加噪声值逐渐减小;此外低楼层处夜间噪声超标严重。在隔声设计时应重视噪声最大值出现的位置及夜间时段的噪声影响,增加声屏障的高度对提高低楼层隔声效果有较明显作用。对于临路高层建筑,单一的声屏障措施的降噪效果有限且有众多限制因素,采取声屏障＋隔声窗措施有较好的降噪效果。     

Interactions between lead(II) ions and dissolved organic matter derived from organic fertilizers incubated in the field

This work was to study composition characteristics and the subsequent effect on the lead (Pb) binding properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from seaweed-based (SWOF) and chicken manure organic fertilizers (CMOF) during a one-year field incubation experiment using the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis. Results showed that high aromatic and hydrophobic fluorescent substances were enriched in CMOF-derived DOM and SWOF-derived DOM and enhanced over time. And phenolic groups in the fulvic-like substances for SWOF-derived DOM and carboxyl groups in the humic-like substances for CMOF-derived DOM had the fastest responses over time, respectively. Moreover, both non-fluorescent polysaccharides and fluorescent humic-like substances or fulvic-like substances with aromatic (C=C) groups first participated in the binding process of Pb to SWOF-derived DOM on day 0 and 180 during the lead binding process. In contrast, humic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and phenolic groups gave a faster response to Pb binding on day 360. Regarding CMOF-derived DOM, the fulvic-like substances associated with aromatic (C=C) and carboxylic groups displayed a faster response to Pb ions on day 0. Nonetheless, polysaccharides and humic-like associated with phenolic groups had a faster response on days 180 and 360. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharides, which participated in Pb binding to CMOF-derived DOM, posed a higher risk of Pb in the environment after 360 days. Therefore, these findings gave new insights into the long-term applications of commercial organic fertilizers for the amendment of soil.     

既有住宅加装电梯重点问题分析与建议

目前全国既有住宅加装电梯工作还存在诸多问题,本文通过收集分析法规、文献资料、实地调研、交流研讨、召开专家咨询会等方式对既有住宅加装电梯工作在各个环节上存在的问题进行总结,并对加装电梯设计、地基、井道、应急救援、使用管理等方面提出安全要求建议,为监察管理、检验检测、安装使用等相关部门提供参考.     

Comparison of CNT-PVA membrane and commercial polymeric membranes in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater

CNT-PVA membrane was fabricated and compared with polymeric membranes. The separation performance was evaluated by homemade and cutting fluid emulsions. The three membranes show similar oil retention rates. CNT-PVA membranes have higher permeation fluxes compared with polymeric membranes. CNT-PVA membrane shows higher fouling resistance. Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater. However, polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling. Therefore, membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater. In this study, carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (CNT-PVA) membrane was fabricated. And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes (PVDF membrane and PES membrane) by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion. The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions. Whereas, the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush, CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux. However, the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane, respectively. Therefore, CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes, showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.     

建筑生态环境质量评价的定量研究

建筑学的发展体现了社会对建筑物的新要求，一方面表现对建筑物与环境的适宜性上的要求；另一方面表现在对建筑物的评价定量化要求。引入系统工程理论，将建筑与环境结合起来，初步研究影响建筑物利用诸因子的影响力，并从中提取主导要素建立建筑生态环境质量评价体系，定量分析，为实践服务。     

RAPD扩增中商品酶体系对扩增产物的影响

随机选用了10条RAPD引物，采用3种商品TapDNA聚合酶体系，以5个不同物种的动植物总DNA为模板，进行RAPD扩增，实验发现，在对同一模板、采用同一引物进行的RAPD扩增中，仅仅因为使用了不同的商品TaqDNA聚合酶，获得的扩增产物差别极大；不同商品来源的PCR反应缓冲体系，对扩增产物也有一定影响，但相对较小，这说明，不同的商品酶体系对RAPD扩增产物影响很大，因此，影响RAPD扩增产物稳定性的一个关键因素是商品TaqDNA聚合酶本身；研究中前后一致地使用同一商品TaqDNA聚合酶体系，是成功进行RAPD分析的基础。     

天津港运输船舶大气污染物排放清单

运输船舶产生的大气污染物对港口大气环境有重要影响,但我国对这部分内容的研究却相当薄弱.本文首先对天津港运输船舶的总体情况进行调研,根据其排放控制技术水平合理选择了排放因子;而后采用基于燃料消耗的方法,对2006年天津港运输船舶排放的NOx、HC、CO和PM_(10)进行了计算,建立了天津港运输船舶大气污染物的排放清单;最后对2010年和2020年天津港的运输船舶大气污染排放情况进行了预测.该清单的估算和预测可以为加强排放控制和制定相关法规提供重要依据.     

基于模糊层次分析法的木结构古建筑安全评价

为准确地对木结构古建筑进行安全现状评价,考虑到木结构古建筑的结构复杂性,本文提出一种基于模糊层次分析法的木结构古建筑评价方法。利用该方法对故宫博物院景福宫进行检测和评价。结果表明:利用层次分析法对木结构古建筑进行安全性评价简单可行,与传统的评级法相比,该方法可考虑不同构件对结构安全性的贡献程度以及不同属性对同一构件安全性的贡献程度,提高了木结构古建筑安全评价的准确性和可靠性。     

基于合成孔径雷达的城市建筑地震受损分析

汶川地震灾区位于青藏高原东缘,该地区云雨天气较多,光学遥感受制约较大,而微波能够穿透云、雾、小雨等,且不受太阳光线的影响,雷达遥感具有全天时、全天候的特点,因而可以弥补光学遥感的不足。根据房屋受地震破坏后影响雷达回波强度,在雷达影像上表现为亮度及纹理不同的原理,本论文利用不同分辨率的COSMO-SkyMed和Radarsat等SAR数据,将其与震前的SPOT影像进行配准后,通过纹理分析等处理,对都江堰市区、北川县城曲山镇等受灾较为严重的城镇进行分析解译,利用雷达影像判读出倒塌房屋的信息,以及地震次生山地灾害对城镇的破坏。