水体增温对浮游植物群落结构及其生态学特性影响的研究

本文对受河南平顶山姚孟热电厂温排水影响的白龟山水库的浮游植物群落的情况进行了野外调查,并在室内对浮游植物的群落结构及其生态学特征进行了模拟增温试验。试验结果表明:水体增温对水库浮游植物的种群组成、优势种的优势度、藻类密度和生物量均有影响。影响的程度与环境固有的水温及增温强度有关。室内增温模拟试验还表明:连续的增温对藻类的光合色素含量和光合作用强度均有影响。      

实验条件下生态修复过程中微型生物群落演替研究

在实验室恒流－－修复微生态系统中，通过健康水体来对武汉东湖污染程度不同的水体进行持续替换，以模拟受不同程度污染胁迫的自然水体恢复过程，其间定期测定微型生物群落的中结构和功能参数，通过其变动机制和规律，再现修复过程中微型生物群落的演替过程，并从生态学角度提出了东湖5个受到不同程度污染水体得到修复的换水库。     

黄岛电厂温排水对大型底栖生物群落的影响

以黄岛电厂温排水邻近海域为研究对象,2010年9月调查了电厂温排水对该海域大型底栖生物群落结构的影响。在9个站点共采集到大型底栖生物76种,平均生物量5．79 g/m2,平均密度830 m-2。利用Bray-Curtis相似性聚类对各样本大型底栖生物分析得出,调查区域可划分为4个群落。各样点Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在2．42～4．25之间,平均指数为3．67,其中靠近温排水区域站位的生物多样性呈现下降的趋势。丰度生物量比较（Abundance/biomass comparison, ABC）曲线分析结果显示,靠近排水口处的大型底栖生物群落受到一定程度的干扰。冗余分析（ RDA）结果表明,水温是影响底栖生物群落变化的最主要因子,对调查区域大型底栖生物群落变化的解释量达到60．5％,影响范围为排水口附近温升在3℃以上的区域。     

流域景观格局对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响研究——以太子河山区段为例

为研究太子河山区段大型底栖动物群落结构与陆地景观因子之间的相互关系,以水生态调查和遥感解译数据为基础,采用主成分分析和回归分析的方法分析了景观格局指数与大型底栖动物群落结构指数的关系,结果表明:大型底栖动物的物种数、EPT科级分类单元数(蜉蝣目、襀翅目、毛翅目)和ASPT指数与景观聚集度指数、最大斑块指数、连通度指数呈显著正相关,与景观香农多样性指数、分离度指数、景观形状指数呈显著负相关。研究结果反映了流域景观斑块的破碎化和人为干扰会对底栖动物群落结构产生负面影响,可以指导以保护河流大型底栖动物群落为目标的流域景观格局优化。     

西北江下游河流底栖动物群落健康评价

2020年12月在西北江下游河流设置11个采样点,调查底栖动物群落结构,应用底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)评价河流健康状况,并分析B-IBI值与环境因子的关系.结果表明,参照点位的B-IBI值在0.59～4.00之间,处于中等—优状态;受损点位的B-IBI值在0～0.82之间,处于很差—良好状态,其中较差和很差状态占比为87.5％.氨氮浓度与B-IBI值呈现极显著的负相关性,降低水污染负荷是促进底栖动物群落恢复健康的有效途径.在水质已经实现好转的基础上,可通过营造河底卵石生境来促进底栖动物群落恢复,同时也应加强河岸带的修复.     

入太湖河道大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价

于2020年9月在太滆运河、漕桥河、徐家大塘和竺山湾布设14个监测点位,调查入太湖河道底栖动物群落结构,并采用Goodnight修正指数（GBI）、生物学污染指数（BPI）和多样性指数（H）进行水质生物学评价。结果表明,研究区域共检出底栖动物6纲18种,霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri）和中国长足摇蚊（Tanypus chinensis）为优势种,生物多样性由高到低为竺山湾（H=1.20）＞徐家大塘（H=1.09）＞太滆运河（H=0.67）＞漕桥河（H=0.33）。典范对应分析显示,总氮、正磷酸盐等因子与寡毛类生物量呈正相关,叶绿素a、IMn与摇蚊幼虫生物量呈正相关。生物学评价表明,太滆运河处于中重度污染状态,漕桥河、徐家大塘和竺山湾处于中度污染状态。     

阅海湖浮游细菌群落结构特征及其驱动因子

通过在2021年4月、7月和10月采集水样,应用16S rDNA高通量测序技术和Mantel test分析,研究阅海湖浮游细菌群落结构、季节变化规律及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明：阅海湖共检出至少119个细菌门,主要菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、蓝细菌门（Cyanobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobiota）、未明菌门（Unidentified_Bacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。拟杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、未明菌门和疣微菌门是造成浮游细菌群落结构差异的主要菌门。阅海湖浮游细菌物种丰度和多样性均存在显著的季节变化特征。 水温、溶解氧、电导率、pH值、总氮和总磷是影响阅海湖浮游细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。     

Reinventing Environmental Regulation from the Grassroots Up: Explaining and Expanding the Success of the Toxics Release Inventory

/ The success of the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) stands in stark contrast to most other environmental regulations in the United States. Between its inception in 1988 and 1995, releases of chemicals listed on the TRI have declined by 45%. We argue the TRI has achieved this regulatory success by creating a mechanism of "populist maxi-min regulation." This style of regulation differs from traditional command-and-control in several ways. First, the majorrole of public agencies is not to set and enforce standards, but to establish an information-rich context for private citizens, interest groups, and firms to solve environmental problems. Second, environmental "standards" are not determined by expert analysis of acceptable risk, but are effectively set at the levels informed citizens will accept. Third, firms adopt pollution prevention and abatement measures in response to a dynamic range of public pressures rather than to formalized agency standards or governmental sanction. Finally, public pressure ruthlessly focuses on the worst polluters-maximum attention to minimum performers-to induce them to adopt more effective environmental practices. TRI has inadvertently set in motion this alternative style of regulation that has, in turn, dramatically reduced toxics emissions in the United States. By properly understanding the mechanisms that drive TRI's accomplishments, more intentional public policy designs can expand the system of populist maxi-min regulation and achieve even more rapid toxics reduction.     

Effects of Recent Volcanic Eruptions on Aquatic Habitat in the Drift River, Alaska, USA: Implications at Other Cook Inlet Region Volcanoes

/ Numerous drainages supporting productive salmon habitat are surrounded by active volcanoes on the west side of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska. Eruptions have caused massive quantities of flowing water and sediment to enter the river channels emanating from glaciers and snowfields on these volcanoes. Extensive damage to riparian and aquatic habitat has commonly resulted, and benthic macroinvertebrate and salmonid communities can be affected. Because of the economic importance of Alaska's fisheries, detrimental effects on salmonid habitat can have significant economic implications. The Drift River drains glaciers on the northern and eastern flanks of Redoubt Volcano. During and following eruptions in 1989-1990, severe physical disturbances to the habitat features of the river adversely affected the fishery. Frequent eruptions at other Cook Inlet region volcanoes exemplify the potential effects of volcanic activity on Alaska's important commercial, sport, and subsistence fisheries. Few studies have documented the recovery of aquatic habitat following volcanic eruptions. The eruptions of Redoubt Volcano in 1989-1990 offered an opportunity to examine the recovery of the macroinvertebrate community. Macroinvertebrate community composition and structure in the Drift River were similar in both undisturbed and recently disturbed sites. Additionally, macroinvertebrate samples from sites in nearby undisturbed streams were highly similar to those from some Drift River sites. This similarity and the agreement between the Drift River macroinvertebrate community composition and that predicted by a qualitative model of typical macroinvertebrate communities in glacier-fed rivers indicate that the Drift River macroinvertebrate community is recovering five years after the disturbances associated with the most recent eruptions of Redoubt Volcano. KEY WORDS: Aquatic habitat; Volcanoes; Lahars; Lahar-runout flows; Macroinvertebrates; Community structure; Community composition; Taxonomic similarity     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.