内蒙古包头民航机场及周边地区鸟类组成及生态分布

2006年8月-2007年7月,对包头机场周边7km范围内的鸟类组成及生态分布进行了调查,共记录到鸟类153种,分属16目39科。其中留鸟31种,夏候鸟67种,旅鸟47种,冬候鸟8种。该地区繁殖鸟(包括留鸟和夏候鸟)有98种,占调查区鸟类总数的64.05%,其中北方型种类有81种,占繁殖鸟总数的82.65%,表现出明显的古北界鸟类区系特征。调查区分为湿地、林地、草地、农田、居民区、山地、跑道与停机坪7种生境类型,对各生境中鸟类进行了分析。     

Use and abuse of Pb-isotope fingerprinting technique and GIS mapping data to assess lead in environmental studies

The danger to health, especially of young children, from lead-bearing particulates in the surface environment is still a valid concern. Given the multifaceted uses of lead today as well as historically, the sources of lead must be investigated to distinguish the etiology of lead contamination on the environment. The lead isotope finger printing technique based on isotopic ratio analyses (IRA) is one of the methods used commonly for provenancing lead sources in environmental studies throughout the world. This technique, however, has some inherited shortcomings. Therefore, caution must be used in the interpretation of the results, as this technique can lead to overestimations as well as underestimations of the true source etiology/apportionment of lead in specific environments. This paper illustrates this with some examples. Data on geographical information systems (GIS) mapping in urban regions are also presented in this paper.     

烧结机细颗粒物PM_(2.5)排放特性

利用基于荷电低压颗粒物撞击器(ELPI)的颗粒物排放稀释采样系统,对不同烧结机组的机头、机尾、配料和整粒后的烟粉尘进行了PM2.5的现场测试。结果表明了各测试点位排放的PM2.5粒径分布和质量浓度分布特点。烧结机机头脱硫后虽然降低PM2.5的质量浓度,却增大了其粒数浓度,因此应对脱硫工艺进行优化。PM2.5单体颗粒形态有:球形颗粒、超细颗粒、不规则颗粒和烟尘集合体。PM2.5中SO2-4、有机碳(OC)、无机碳(EC)和铁(Fe)的含量较高,分别为2.65%~10.76%,6.15%~12.6%,3.05%~10.05%和4.14%~26.78%。     

美国EPCRA法案对我国推动企业环境信息公开的启示

本文围绕美国企业环境信息公开专项法案——EPCRA法案和在该法案要求下建立的、为世界各国所广泛采用的企业环境信息公开核心制度——有毒污染物释放清单制度(TRI),分析总结了发达国家促进企业环境信息公开的立法理念、制度体系、工作机制、技术支持、信息平台等方面的经验,并将其与我国企业环境信息公开专项制度《企业事业单位环境信息公开办法》进行了对比分析,识别了我国企业环境信息公开工作相关基础研究、制度设计、制度执行等方面的不足,且结合我国下一阶段推动环境质量全面改善的工作需求、推动排污许可改革等工作任务,就完善我国企业环境信息公开工作提出了建议。     

Is pork trade good for China's greenhouse gas emissions?

China produces the largest amount of pork in the world, which emits the largest amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This paper calculates GHG emissions from China’s hog production at the provincial level using newly published emission factors. Empirical results show that GHG emissions from China’s hog production mainly respond to the scale intensity. Capital abundance and income contribute positively to GHG emissions from hog production. Pork trade increases GHG emissions from China’s hog production with a significantly direct effect, reduces GHG emissions through indirect technique effects.     

六六六(HCHs)在小白洋淀水生植物中的分布与富集

利用GC-ECD测定了小白洋淀6个采样点的9种浮水、挺水和沉水植物中4种六六六(hexachlorocyclohexanes,HCHs)异构体的含量,分析了其分布、组成及富集特征。结果表明:1)小白洋淀水生植物中总HCHs含量范围在ND~7.47 ng·g-1(ww),浮水植物中HCHs含量最高,挺水植物各组织含量也有明显差异,根部HCHs含量明显高于茎叶2种组织。2)4种HCHs异构体中,γ-HCH的残留水平要显著高于其他3种异构体。在沉水植物和浮水植物中,均以γ-HCH占绝对比例,相对含量达60%~99%;而在挺水植物中,δ-HCHs占有较高比例,并且主要富集在挺水植物的根部,茎中次之,叶中最少。3)小白洋淀浮水植物和沉水植物HCHs含量与水体中HCHs含量呈显著的正相关关系,而挺水植物荷花、蒲草中HCHs各组分含量与水体中HCHs的相关关系不显著。4)水生植物对水中HCHs的富集系数BCF在8.7~661.2范围;浮水植物的BCF最高,沉水植物次之,挺水植物的茎对水体中HCHs的BCF最低。     

高碱度钢渣添加铁尾矿消解f-CaO的机理研究

高碱度钢渣掺唐山石人沟铁尾矿重构,两者在高温环境下熔融反应消解高碱度钢渣中f-CaO。采用正交实验法设计实验方案,考察了铁尾矿掺入量(分别为3%、5%和9%)、反应温度(分别为1 500℃,1 550℃和1 580℃)及恒温反应时间(分别为10 min、20 min和30 min)对消解高碱度钢渣中f-CaO的效果。实验结果表明,铁尾矿能有效消解钢渣中f-CaO,重构渣中f-CaO含量平均值为1.17%,消解率为76.27%。且由正交方法测出了铁尾矿掺入量对f-CaO的消解影响较大,极差值为0.41%;反应温度次之,极差值为0.32%;恒温反应时间影响较小,极差值为0.06%。利用X射线衍射方法测定重构渣中矿物组成,主要为磁铁矿、钙镁橄榄石、硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙、镁铁尖晶石、铁酸钙及铁铝酸钙。     

长江口中华鲟自然保护区及临近水域鱼类种类组成现状

为了解长江口中华鲟自然保护区及其临近水域鱼类种类组成的现状,2004~2008年利用底拖网、插网、定置网和刺网等多种网具对该水域的鱼类组成状况进行了较为系统的调查。共调查到鱼类105种,隶属于18目43科86属,鱼类种类组成以鲈形目和鲤形目为主;生态类型中海洋鱼类和淡水鱼类各37种,河口定居性鱼类25种,洄游性鱼类6种;鱼类种类组成处于长江下游至东海的过渡类型,鱼类食性以底栖生物、有机碎屑和浮游动物食性为主,凶猛性鱼类较少。与以往调查资料相比,调查水域鱼类物种数有所减少,一些重要的物种更是濒临绝迹。保护区水域鱼类不仅具有较高的物种多样性、河口代表性、稀有性和很高的科研价值,同时其生态系统也较为脆弱,并已受到严重威胁,保护区的保护工作显得尤为重要.     

Concentration of heavy metals in various children's herbal tea types and their correlations

This investigation was undertaken to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc, copper and magnesium in six tea types used as children's tea. Six types of tea of different herbal composition used for children's consumption (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) were analyzed in three subsequent collections. The analysis of cadmium showed that the concentration was very similar in all types of children's tea, ranging from 0.233 to 0.369 mg/kg. Lead concentrations were in the range of 0.340–1.564 mg/kg without any significant differences. The analysis of mercury detected very low concentration of this metal in all samples (0.002–0.004 mg/kg). In zinc, the values ranged from 36.633 to 71.711 mg/kg, with significant differences (p < 0.001) according to tea type. Copper concentration was 10.089–30.178 mg/kg with the highest value in T4. The concentration of magnesium was significantly higher in tea T1 and T2 (102.311 and 129.422 mg/kg) in comparison with other tea types where the level was 19.811–37.411 mg/kg. The maximum tolerable limit determined by Codex Alimentarius was not exceeded in any sample. In general, correlation analysis detected high positive correlation between cadmium and lead (r = 0.89), cadmium and mercury (r = 0.92) and between lead and mercury (r = 0.77).     

上海青浦区不同用地类型河流滨岸带生境及植物群落组成

按照工业用地、农业用地、交通用地、居住用地、绿地和荒地等6类不同用地类型,于上海青浦区选取河流滨岸带样点48个,研究不同用地类型对滨岸带生境及植物群落组成的影响。研究发现：(1)目前该地区河流滨岸带生境优劣程度为：荒地>绿地>农业用地>交通用地>居住区>工业用地。这主要是由于在不同用地类型下人们对河岸类型、滨岸带几何形态以及原有植被的影响所造成。(2)目前该地区河流滨岸带有植物51科118种,平均丰富度水平绿地最高,工业用地最低。从植物的生活型与来源方面看,6类用地类型下的河流滨岸带植物群落组成存在显著差异。工业用地受人为影响强度较大,外来入侵植物比例高达27.22%;农业用地草本平均数量11.75种,为6类用地类型中最高水平;交通用地与居住用地表现出较大人工引种植物比例,分别为37.77%和49.97%;绿地有相对均衡的乔灌草比例,人工引种植物占所有植物的64.05%;荒地缺乏乔木与灌木类型,自然分布植物比例最高,为69.94%。