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31.
长江三角洲地区城市污水污泥重金属含量研究 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
通过现场采样及室内分析,研究了长江三角洲地区南京、苏州、上海、杭州等15个城市的污水处理厂44份污泥样品中6种重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni)的含量。结果表明,不同污水处理厂的污泥样品中重金属元素的总量存在较大的差异,6种重金属元素平均含量的大小顺序为Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd。对各类型污泥重金属污染指数比较表明,工业污水为主城市污泥中重金属污染程度明显高于生活污水为主污泥和混流污水污泥。用主成分分析法提取的3个主成分较好地反映了6个重金属指标的信息,累积贡献率为82.0%,第一主成分能解释接近50%的信息量,它主要反映各金属在污泥中均有不同程度的富集。为了保护生态环境和人类健康,防止二次污染,污泥土地利用时需考虑重金属含量,采取相应控制措施。 相似文献
32.
目的 研究丙烯腈(Acrylonitrile)、丁二烯(Butadiene)、苯乙烯(Styrene)3种单体的三元共聚物(Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene,ABS)在湿热海洋大气环境室内外的老化行为及其相关性。方法 开展湿热海洋大气暴露(室外)试验及多因子循环加速老化(室内)试验,通过观测外观形貌、力学、化学结构等性能变化,定性探究ABS室内外老化规律。通过灰色关联度与主成分分析,定量探索ABS室内外老化行为的相关性。结果 ABS黄色指数等与表面性能相关的指标在户外暴露6个月及室内加速老化300 h左右就基本达到饱和值50和45,而与整体性能相关的拉伸强度在老化过程中先下降、后上升,断裂伸长率、冲击强度、缺口冲击强度等指标在户外暴露2个月或室内老化200 h快速下降近60%后,再缓慢降低。分子链中丁二烯单体的双键或苯环侧链中的季碳受到环境中光、氧、水等的作用,分解生成酮与羟基。通过主成分分析,将ABS多种性能指标组合成综合老化指标,客观定量评价ABS室内外老化灰色关联度高达0.93。结论ABS老化是分子链断链及交联的动态竞争过程,湿热海洋大气环境室内外老化行为的相关性较高。 相似文献
33.
Marzieh Mokarram Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Huichun Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):114
34.
Levels of PCBs were determined in two marine organisms, limpets (Patella ullisiponensis aspera) and winkles (Ossilinus atratus), sampled in three stations in the south east coast of Tenerife during 1993. Winkles and limpets exhibited different PCB patterns. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to study the patterns and the relationships among PCBs. 相似文献
35.
环巢湖典型农业区土壤重金属来源解析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
重金属来源解析是防止或减少土壤重金属污染的必要前提。为此,采集并分析了环巢湖典型农业区408个表层土壤样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等7种重金属元素含量。地积累指数评价结果表明土壤重金属污染总体处于0~1级。综合相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析结果可知:(1)Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn主要来源于大气沉降、畜禽粪肥和化肥等人类活动;(2)成土母质是Cr和Ni的主要来源;(3)As有人类活动和成土母质双重来源。用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归模型(APCS-MLR)对土壤中重金属来源进行了定量解析,解析结果与主成分分析和聚类分析结果相符。可见,多元统计分析结合APCS-MLR模型能很好地应用于土壤重金属来源解析。 相似文献
36.
Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency:A Case Study of Chengyang District 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhou Zhenfeng Sun Lei Sun Yinglan .College of Resources&Environment Laiyang Agricultural College Qingdao Shandong China .School of Environmental Science Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2006,4(4)
Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eeo-efficiency“ in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption,environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique,principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao‘s Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments. 相似文献
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38.
Abstract Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eco-efficiency” in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption, environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index in- creased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments. 相似文献
39.
40.
Biological degradation of dissolved organic matter(DOM) regulates its structure and fate in river ecosystems. Previous views suggested that labile components were dominantly consumed by microbial metabolism. Here we provide new observations that a part of recalcitrant compounds largely contribute to riverine DOM biodegradation. The excitationemission matrix fluorescent spectroscopy combined with peak picking and parallel factor analysis are used to explore component variability during DOM incuba... 相似文献