东荣三矿粉煤灰复合胶体防灭火技术应用与实践

双鸭山东荣三矿2 0 0 3年发生火灾,开始应用注水、注惰、注灭火剂等方法,均未控制住火势。后来,通过该矿现有的灌浆系统,形成复合胶体管网式防灭火系统,利用该系统向火区周围密闭墙内大量压注粉煤灰复合胶体,堵塞了向火区漏风的通道,扑灭了大范围火源。接着启开火区下部的运输上山,从运输上山向火区打钻,由钻孔直接向火区注复合胶体,彻底扑灭了火灾,保障了矿井安全生产。实践表明,复合胶体管网式防灭火技术是一种快速高效的防灭火技术,适应大面积煤层火灾的防治要求。     

复配修饰黏土对四环素的吸附及其应用探究

分别采用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰高岭土(K)进行复配修饰,以批处理法探究其对紫色土(PS)吸附四环素(TC)的影响.结果表明:TC吸附是自发、吸热和熵增的反应,各供试材料对TC的吸附均符合Langmuir模型,且相同条件下60％复配修饰效果更佳....     

A Synthetic Filter Material Containing Nutrients for Biofilter

In this study, a synthetic filter material with nutrients (PVA/peat/KNO₃ composite bead) was developed for biofilteration. The optimal preparing condition was each of the peat and PVA aqueous solutions mixed with 6.4 g KNO_3, and the minimum nitrogen content in the boric and phosphate aqueous solutions was 3.94 and 1.52 g-N/l, respectively. The equilibrium amount of inorganic nitrogen extracted by leaching from the prepared composite bead was between 7.95 and 8.21 mg N/g dry solid. The path of inorganic nitrogen extracted by leaching was the inorganic nitrogen dispersed in the peat phase firstly diffused into the outer PVA phase and then it diffused out of the bead surface for the A-type bead; and that was the inorganic nitrogen dispersed in both the peat and PVA phases simultaneously diffuses into the outer PVA phase and out of the bead surface, respectively, for the H-type bead. The microbial growth rate k _g of the H-type composite bead was higher than that of the A-type composite bead about 1.09–1.58 times, and the maximum value of k _g was at the H-type composite bead immersed in 0.384 M KNO₃ aqueous solution. The percentage of removed VOCs retained at more than 98% during the biofilter operating 230 days as the composite bead immersed in KNO₃ aqueous solution before packing. This composite bead bed was without the further addition of nutrients during the operating period.     

Characterization of Biodegradable Composite Films Prepared from Blends of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol), Cornstarch,and Lignocellulosic Fiber

Several composite blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lignocellulosic fibers were prepared and characterized. Cohesive and flexible cast films were obtained by blending lignocellulosic fibers derived from orange waste and PVA with or without cornstarch. Films were evaluated for their thermal stability, water permeability and biodegradation properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the suitability of formulations for melt processing, and for application as mulch films in fields at much higher temperatures. Composite films were permeable to water, but at the same time able to maintain consistency and composition upon drying. Chemical crosslinking of starch, fiber and PVA, all hydroxyl functionalized polymers, by hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) improved water resistance in films. Films generally biodegraded within 30 days in soil, achieving between 50–80% mineralization. Both starch and lignocellulosic fiber degraded much more rapidly than PVA. Interestingly, addition of fiber to formulations enhanced the PVA degradation.     

强震前后短期内的异常天气及灾害叠加

列叙了部分强震前后短期的异常气象情况，探讨了其与强震间的机理，并结合１９７６年松潘７．２有地震波及汉中地区引起的破坏，讨论了异常天气带来的灾害叠加问题，对编制防震减灾规划和地震短临前兆探索，无疑是有益的。     

洗毛污水的前处理

组合滤料对洗毛污水有较好的过滤作用，它对污水中ＳＳ和脂的截留率分别为７５％和６．５％，同时对污水中ＣＯＤ也有一定的去除作用．     

纳米钙钛矿型LaMnO3的制备与汽车尾气处理

用PEG法制备了钙钛矿LaMnO3纳米材料,并将其负载在涂有γ－Al2O3的堇青石载体上作为净化尾气的催化剂。用XRD、TEM对产物的结构及表面性能进行了分析。在依维柯汽车上进行了怠速、正常行驶及倒拖时催化剂三效性能的测试。发现纳米晶活性组分的催化效率比溶液浸渍法制得的催化剂好。     

Soda-Treated Sisal/Polypropylene Composites

Treated sisal fibers were used as reinforcement of polypropylene (PP) composites, with maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAPP) as coupling agent. The composites were made by melting processing of PP with the fiber in a heated roller followed by multiple extrusions in a single-screw extruder. Injection molded specimens were produced for the characterization of the material. In order to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix and to eliminate odorous substances, sisal fibers were treated with boiling water and with NaOH solutions at 3 and 10 wt.%. The mechanical properties of the composites were assessed by tensile, bend and impact tests. Additionally, the morphology of the composites and the adhesion at he fiber–matrix interface were analyzed by SEM. The fiber treatment led to very light and odorless materials, with yields of 95, 74 and 62 wt.% for treatments with hot water, 3 and 10 wt.% soda solution respectively. Fiber treatment caused an appreciable change in fiber characteristics, yet the mechanical properties under tensile and flexural tests were not influenced by that treatment. Only the impact strength increased in the composites with alkali-treated sisal fibers.     

Detection of presumed genes encoding beta-lactamases by sequence based screening of metagenomes derived from Antarctic microbial mats

• Beta-lactamase genes were found in all samples from distant places in Antarctica. • Class C beta-lactamase coding genes were the most frequently found. • Diversity of sequences exceeds that of the beta-lactamases from clinical environment. Analysis of environmental samples for bacterial antibiotic resistance genes may have different objectives and analysis strategies. In some cases, the purpose was to study diversity and evolution of genes that could be grouped within a mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Different protocols have been designed for detection and confirmation that a functional gene was found. In this study, we present a sequence-based screening of candidate genes encoding beta-lactamases in 14 metagenomes of Antarctic microbial mats. The samples were obtained from different sites, representing diverse biogeographic regions of maritime and continental Antarctica. A protocol was designed based on generation of Hidden Markov Models from the four beta-lactamase classes by Ambler classification, using sequences from the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). The models were used as queries for metagenome analysis and recovered contigs were subsequently annotated using RAST. According to our analysis, 14 metagenomes analyzed contain A, B and C beta-lactamase genes. Class D genes, however, were identified in 11 metagenomes. The most abundant was class C (46.8%), followed by classes B (35.5%), A (14.2%) and D (3.5%). A considerable number of sequences formed clusters which included, in some cases, contigs from different metagenomes. These assemblies are clearly separated from reference clusters, previously identified using CARD beta-lactamase sequences. While bacterial antibiotic resistance is a major challenge of public health worldwide, our results suggest that environmental diversity of beta-lactamase genes is higher than that currently reported, although this should be complemented with gene function analysis.     

免拆模板复合剪力墙粘结性能试验研究

免拆模板复合剪力墙体系是适应当前新型建筑体系需求而发展起来的新型节能结构体系。它具有节约能源、增大使用面积、优良的抗震性能及工厂化的施工工艺等优点。笔者专门对免拆模板复合剪力墙体系进行了研究 ,针对 3种不同聚苯板截面和 4种不同免拆模板截面进行粘结性能试验 ,通过试验总结出影响免拆模板与现浇混凝土之间粘结性能的因素 ,并对其作用机理进行分析 ,以期对新型建筑节能体系的发展有所贡献。