Synthesis of hydroxyapatite/clay and hydroxyapatite/pumice composites for tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions

Synthesized hydroxyapatite/clay (HA-C) and hydroxyapatite/pumice (HA-P) composites were used for tetracycline (TC) uptake studies from aqueous solution and their uptake capacities were compared. HA-C and HA-P composites were synthesized by precipitation method and the structures of the synthesized composites were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET analyses. Cation exchange capacities of HA-C and HA-P were found to be 84 meq/100 g and 33 meq/100 g, respectively. The TC adsorption using HA-C and HA-P was studied on batch mode. Various parameters such as contact time, solution pH, initial TC concentration, composite dosage, salinity and temperature were optimized. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity onto HA-C was found to be 76.02 mg/g and about four times larger than the adsorption capacity of the HA-P (17.87 mg/g). The results indicated that the TC uptake onto HA-C and HA-P composites is mainly by a surface complexation and ion-exchange mechanism which depend on the solution pH. The calculated values of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the TC adsorption is favorable, physicochemical in nature. The sorption process follows pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The TC adsorption mechanism by HA-C and HA-P has been proposed.     

Sugarcane bagasse—The future composite material: A literature review

The natural, bio-degradable features and chemical constituents of the sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been attracting attention as a highly potential and versatile ingredient in composite materials. Eco-friendly and low cost considerations have set the momentum for material science researchers to identify green materials that give low pollutant indexes. Various components of SCB is shown to possess the ability of being applied as raw material for manufacturing of composite materials at multiple levels of properties and performances. Studies on the impacts, performances and applications of SCB in its original condition; transformed forms; treated with appropriate chemicals and/or processes; in combination with materials of distinct properties and manipulation of manufacturing methodologies have been duly considered. This paper attempts to summarize a review of current literature on the extensive studies that have been undertaken in an attempt to explore plausible applications and potentials of SCB for composite material.     

Analysis of Flax and Cotton Fiber Fabric Blends and Recycled Polyethylene Composites

Manufacturing composites with polymers and natural fibers has traditionally been performed using chopped fibers or a non-woven mat for reinforcement. Fibers from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) are stiff and strong and can be processed into a yarn and then manufactured into a fabric for composite formation. Fabric directly impacts the composite because it contains various fiber types via fiber or yarn blending, fiber length is often longer due to requirements in yarn formation, and it controls the fiber alignment via weaving. Composites created with cotton and flax-containing commercial fabrics and recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were evaluated for physical and mechanical properties. Flax fiber/recycled HDPE composites were easily prepared through compression molding using a textile preform. This method takes advantage of maintaining cotton and flax fiber lengths that are formed into a yarn (a continuous package of short fibers) and oriented in a bidirectional woven fabric. Fabrics were treated with maleic anhydride, silane, enzyme, or adding maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAA-PE; MDEX 102-1, Exxelor^® VA 1840) to promote interactions between polymer and fibers. Straight and strong flax fibers present problems because they are not bound as tightly within yarns producing weaker and less elastic yarns that contain larger diameter variations. As the blend percentage and mass of flax fibers increases the fabric strength, and elongation generally decrease in value. Compared to recycled HDPE, mechanical properties of composite materials (containing biodegradable and renewable resources) demonstrated significant increases in tensile strength (1.4–3.2 times stronger) and modulus of elasticity (1.4–2.3 times larger). Additional research is needed to improve composite binding characteristics by allowing the stronger flax fibers in fabric to carry the composites load.     

碎石桩复合地基抗液化判别方法研究现状与分析

针对目前国内外碎石桩复合地基抗液化判别方法的研究现状进行了简要归纳和分析 ,其研究结果表明 :已有的判别方法存在着较大的局限性 ,还不能很好地反映碎石桩的排水效应、减震效应及各效应的综合作用 ;桩径、桩长、桩距等加固参数对加固效果的影响还不能在判别标准中得到合理的体现。最后 ,笔者对今后的研究工作提了几点建议     

单要素环境质量评价数学模式分析与探讨

本文以沈阳市地下水环境质量评价为例,在对综合指数法和模糊综合评判法进行理论阐述和模式分析的基础上,探讨两种方法的理论和实用价值及存在问题.     

益阳麻纺厂锅炉烟气综合治理

益阳麻纺厂一台SHF2 0— 2 5 / 40 0型 2 0t/h的煤粉炉尾气 ,采用复合塔麻石水膜多级高效脱硫除尘器 ,运用该厂的印染废水作除尘、脱硫剂 ,不仅收到了良好的脱硫、除尘效果 ,而且解决了印染废水的色度和碱性问题     

免拆模板复合剪力墙粘结性能试验研究

免拆模板复合剪力墙体系是适应当前新型建筑体系需求而发展起来的新型节能结构体系。它具有节约能源、增大使用面积、优良的抗震性能及工厂化的施工工艺等优点。笔者专门对免拆模板复合剪力墙体系进行了研究 ,针对 3种不同聚苯板截面和 4种不同免拆模板截面进行粘结性能试验 ,通过试验总结出影响免拆模板与现浇混凝土之间粘结性能的因素 ,并对其作用机理进行分析 ,以期对新型建筑节能体系的发展有所贡献。     

AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND HEAVY METALS IN MISSOURI'S NEW LEAD BELT1

The New Lead. Belt of southeastern Missouri has recently become the largest lead producing region of the world. The impact of this rapid development on the previously rural and undeveloped region of the Missouri Ozarks is the subject of a continuing interdisciplinary study. Since the industrial development began, there have been a number of nuisance biological blooms in several of the small streams receiving effluent from the mines and mills. The major constituents of the problem algal growths were identified and found to include: Cladophora, Oscillatoria, Mougeotia, Zygnema, Spirogyra, Cymbella, and a variety of other stalked and non-stalked diatoms. Secondary blooms of Sphaerotilus were observed to reach problem proportions in some streams, particularly in the autumn. Finely ground rock flour and mineral particles escaping from tailings dams were found to be trapped by the stream vegetation. Concentrations of lead, zinc, copper, and manganese in the algal and bacterial mats were found to be inversely related to distance downstream from the tailings dams. Consumer organisms, including crayfish, snails, aquatic insects, tadpoles, minnows and larger sunfish were analyzed to determine the extent of dissemination and concentration of the heavy metals through food chains. Preliminary results indicated insignificant concentrations of heavy metals in those consumer organisms studied, though in at least one problem stream the normal consumer organisms mentioned were markedly reduced in numbers.     

纳米二氧化钛/针铁矿的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为原料制备纳米级二氧化钛,将其负栽于采用化学沉淀法以九水硝酸铁为原料制备的针铁矿上,对复合材料进行透射电镜分析,确定了制备的最佳影响因素,将2种溶胶进行复合提膜,研究其光催化效率.     

纳米TiO2-PAC复合絮凝剂的制备及絮凝效果研究

将溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2粉体与缓慢加碱法制得的PAC通过超声反应聚合制得纳米TiO2-PAC复合絮凝剂。通过絮凝实验表明：TiO2-PAC无论是在去除悬浮物,还是在降低CODG和色度方面,均优于普通PAC和AlCl30絮凝过程是纳米TiO2的强吸附作用和PAC的吸附电中和、吸附架桥和沉淀网捕作用共同作用的结果。