絮凝-光催化处理实际染料废水的研究

采用絮凝-光催化氧化工艺成功地处理了实际染料废水;研究了COD光催化降解动力学。COD和BOD5浓度分别为2169mg／L、295mg／L的染料废水,经絮凝-光催化处理后,出水COD和BOD5分别为214mg／L、18．5mg／L,去除率分别为90．1％、93．7％。向光催化体系中加入H2O2,可促进COD与BOD5的去除。该工艺可处理高浓度染料废水。     

FeSO4水溶液吸收脱硫及其影响因素的研究

介绍一种以ＦｅＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ作吸收剂,烟气中ＳＯ２为原料合成污水处理药剂－聚俣硫酸铁的新脱硫工艺,克服石灰法脱硫效率低,副产品无市场等缺点,研究了温度,吸收液的回流比,Ｆｅ离子浓度,ＰＨ对脱硫效率影响。实验表明,较高的温度和较高的ｐＨ值有利于提高脱硫效率,铁离子对ＳＯ２有催化作用,回流比应控制在适当的范围之内。     

冷轧高浓度含油乳化废水的复合絮凝处理

使用有机和无机复合絮凝剂对冷轧高浓度含油乳化液废水进行了系统研究。试验考察了絮凝剂种类和用量、废水pH值以及有机-无机絮凝剂联合使用对絮凝效果的影响。同时使用加压溶气气浮装置进行了动态试验,结果表明处理效果令人满意。     

Compound urban crises

The crises that cities face—such as climate change, pandemics, economic downturn, and racism—are tightly interlinked and cannot be addressed in isolation. This paper addresses compound urban crises as a unique type of problem, in which discrete solutions that tackle each crisis independently are insufficient. Few scholarly debates address compound urban crises and there is, to date, a lack of interdisciplinary insights to inform urban governance responses. Combining ideas from complex adaptive systems and critical urban studies, we develop a set of boundary concepts (unsettlement, unevenness, and unbounding) to understand the complexities of compound urban crises from an interdisciplinary perspective. We employ these concepts to set a research agenda on compound urban crises, highlighting multiple interconnections between urban politics and global dynamics. We conclude by suggesting how these entry points provide a theoretical anchor to develop practical insights to inform and reform urban governance.     

油田井场废水高效絮凝剂研究与应用

文章分析了长庆油田井场废水特点,研制了三种适合于长庆油田井场废水处理的絮凝剂。将研发的絮凝剂与普通PAM分析进行对比,新型絮凝剂对色度及石油类的去除比常规PAM去除率提高了50%左右,悬浮物及COD的去除率亦分别提高了20%和30%。现场应用表明,研发的絮凝剂具有良好的应用效果。     

Suppression effects of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate dry powder and melamine pyrophosphate powder on an aluminium dust cloud explosion

Selecting a suitable flame-retardant powder is essential for preventing or reducing the risk of aluminium dust cloud explosions. Two types of retardant materials were studied, namely ABC powder (a flame-retardant powder mainly composed of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate dry powder) and melamine pyrophosphate powder (MPP). A specially designed rectangular pipe was used to examine the influences and mass fractions of the aforementioned flame retardants and the effects of compounds on maximum explosion pressure and maximum explosion pressure rate of increase. The results showed that the explosion-suppression effects of MPP powder were superior to those of ABC powder. Furthermore, the suppression effects of combining ABC and MPP to form compounds in various ratios were explored. The explosion-suppression effects of the single flame-retardant powders and flame-retardant powder compound were compared, which revealed that the effects of the flame-retardant compound were intermediate to those of ABC and MPP used separately. No synergistic effect was observed in the compound retardant. However, component mass fractions influenced the retardant properties of the compound. The suppression mechanism was investigated through thermal analysis, which revealed that the decomposition of the two flame-retardant powders was an endothermic process that generated inert gas. The addition of flame-retardant powder delayed the time required by aluminium to break through its oxide film. However, the thermal analysis curve of the compound overlapped those of the two single powders, and no new chemical reaction occurred. Thus, no change was observed in the efficacy of the flame-retardant properties.     

Compound specific carbon and hydrogen stable isotope analyses of volatile organic compounds in various emissions of combustion processes

This study presents carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δD) isotope values of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various emission sources using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TD-GC-irMS). The investigated VOCs ranged from C6 to C10. Samples were taken from (i) car exhaust emissions as well as from plant combustion experiments of (ii) various C3 and (iii) various C4 plants. We found significant differences in δ values of analysed VOCs between these sources, e.g. δ¹³C of benzene ranged between (i) −21.7 ± 0.2‰, (ii) −27.6 ± 1.6‰ and (iii) −16.3 ± 2.2‰, respectively and δD of benzene ranged between (i) −73 ± 13‰, (ii) −111 ± 10‰ and (iii) −70 ± 24‰, respectively. Results of VOCs present in investigated emission sources were compared to values from the literature (aluminium refinery emission). All source groups could be clearly distinguished using the dual approach of δ¹³C and δD analysis. The results of this study indicate that the correlation of compound specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis provides the potential for future research to trace the fate and to determine the origin of VOCs in the atmosphere using thermal desorption compound specific isotope analysis.     

Quantification of biotransformation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in a biostimulation study: added value via stable carbon isotope analysis

Stable carbon isotope analysis of chlorinated aliphatic compounds was performed at an in situ biostimulation pilot test area (PTA) at a site where 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) and trichloroethene (TCE) were present in groundwater. Chlorinated products of TCE reductive dechlorination (cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC)) were present at concentrations of 17.5 to 126.4 micromol/L. Ethene, a potential degradation product of both 1,2-DCA dihaloelimination and TCE reductive dechlorination was also present in the PTA. Emulsified soybean oil and lactate were added as electron donors to stimulate anaerobic dechlorination in the PTA. Stable carbon isotope analysis provided evidence that dechlorination was occurring in the PTA during biostimulation, and a means of monitoring changes in dechlorination efficiency over the 183 day monitoring period. Stable carbon isotope analysis was also used to determine if ethene production in the PTA was due to dechlorination of TCE, 1,2-DCA, or both. Fractionation factors (alpha) were determined in the laboratory during anaerobic biotransformation of 1,2-DCA via a dihaloelimination reaction in four separate enrichment cultures. These alpha values (as well as the previously published ranges of alpha for the dechlorination of TCE, cDCE and 1,2-DCA) were used, along with isotopic values measured during the pilot test, to derive quantitative estimates of biotransformation during the pilot test. Dechlorination was found to account for 10.7 to 35.9%, 21.9 to 74.9%, and 54.4 to 67.8% of 1,2-DCA, TCE and cDCE concentration loss respectively in the PTA. Stable carbon isotope analysis indicates that dechlorination of 1,2-DCA, TCE and cDCE were all significant processes during the pilot test, while ethene production during the pilot test was dominated by 1,2-DCA dihaloelimination. This study demonstrates how stable carbon isotope analysis can provide more conservative estimates of the extent of biotransformation than do conventional protocols. In addition, in a complex mixed plume such as this, compound specific isotope analysis is shown to be one of the few methods available for clarifying dominant biotransformation pathways where breakdown products are non-exclusive (i.e. ethene).     

聚合氯化铝锌絮凝剂的制备及其性能

用在AlCl,与ZnCl2溶液中加NaOH溶液的方法制备无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝锌（PAZC）,通过正交实验确定的最佳制备条件为：反应时间10min、碱化度2．2、氯化铝浓度0．5mol／L、NaOH溶液浓度0．5mol／L。在n（Zn）：n（Al）=0．6、水样pH=7．8、PAZC加入量为5mg／L的条件下,浊度和COD去除率分别为98．9％和88．2％。PAZC与聚合氯化铝对各种工业废水的处理效果比较结果表明,PAZC对各种工业废水的处理效果较好。从废水处理成本来看,PAZC具有较好的经济效益。     

城市污水厂污泥中重金属去除及其土地利用的研究现状

污泥中富含磷、氮和钾等农作物需要的营养物质,但碍于污泥中残留的重金属离子而难以使用.文章介绍了污泥中重金属的存在形式及作用机理,综述了几种能有效去除重金属的方法(吸附法、淋滤法和化学法),分析了各种方法的优缺点、影响因素、处理效果、适用范围及处理后土地利用的现状,以期处理后的污泥能够作为农用土地,减轻剩余污泥二次污染危...