对环境质量综合分析工作的思考与建议

概述了环境质量综合分析对环境管理与综合决策的重要性,分析了环境质量综合分析工作现状与存在问题,阐述了新时期对综合分析工作的新要求,从创新理念、主动服务、收集信息、强化手段、健全机制、人才培养等方面提出做好环境质量综合分析,服务环境管理与决策的建议。     

代表性水质评价方法的比较研究

从太湖流域国控断面常规监测数据出发,利用代表性水质评价方法对各断面进行评价,系统分析比较这些方法的优缺点。结果显示:①单因子指数法评价结果比较保守;②内梅罗指数法将"1"作为清洁与污染的分界点,指数偏小;③灰色关联分析法水质指标权重系数的确定较模糊综合评判法合理,结果也更接近于综合水质标志指数法;④综合水质标志指数法评价结果与其它评价方法结果重合度最高,且模糊评判法、灰色关联分析法和BP-ANN法的评价结果均向综合水质标志指数法逼近。综合水质标志指数法以单因子指数法为基础,对劣Ⅴ类水进行细化,将恶臭对水质的不利影响考虑其中,其指数组成合理,且易于操作施行。     

基于改进的多目标决策的水环境质量综合评价

在对水环境质量综合评价中,多目标决策-理想区间法解决了水环境质量评价标准是区间而非点的缺陷。但是在计算监测点到各理想区间向量的距离时,各水环境质量指标权重直接影响综合评价的结果,通常的确定方法是简单的假设各水环境质量指标的权重相等,这与实际情况相悖。为了解决这一问题,提出了将超标法用于多目标决策法中,利用超标法确定各水环境质量指标的权重,然后将其应用于多目标决策-理想区间法来分析水环境质量等级。并将改进后的多目标决策-理想区间法应用于珠江口及邻近海域的水环境中。基于超标法确定权重的多目标决策-理想区间法与聚类分析相比更有效,与等权重的多目标决策-理想区间法相比,更能体现水环境的污染状况,可应用于各种环境因子的综合评价中。     

Restoration of Marine Coastal Ecosystem Health as a New Goal for Integrated Catchment Management in Tolo Harbor, Hong Kong, China

This article demonstrates why it is necessary to have the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management in the coastal area of Tolo Harbor. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbor is based on water quality objectives. The performance of the ICM plan, the Tolo Harbor Action Plan (THAP), was evaluated using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including both stress and response indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reductions in pollution loading have been observed: reduction of 83% of biological oxygen demand load and 82% of total nitrogen between 1988 and 1999. There has also been an improvement in the health of Tolo Harbor’s marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced by trends in physical, chemical, and biological indicators, although reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, such improvement can only be considered as the first sign of complete ecosystem health restoration, because ecosystem health covers not only physical, chemical, and biological aspects of an ecosystem, but also ecosystem service functions. The findings support the need to take the restoration and protection of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal rather than using water quality objectives. Steps necessary to further improve Tolo Harbor’s marine coastal ecosystem health are also discussed.     

A Multiscale Approach for Assessing the Interactions of Environmental and Biological Systems in a Holistic Health Risk Assessment Framework

Advances in computing processing power and in availability of environmental and biological data have allowed the development and application of comprehensive modeling systems that utilize a holistic, integrated, approach for assessing the interactions of environmental and biological systems across multiple scales of spatiotemporal extent and biological organization. This approach allows mechanism-based environmental health risk assessments in a person-oriented framework, which accounts for simultaneous exposures to contaminants from multiple media, routes, and pathways. The conceptual basis and example applications of the Modeling ENvironment for TOtal Risk (MENTOR), and the DOse–Response Information ANalysis system (DORIAN) are presented.     

蛇纹石综合利用的方法及其发展

简述了蛇纹石综合利用的方法，比较了它们的优缺点，提出了进一步发展的设想。     

磷石膏的利用和处理

综述了国内外对磷石膏的利用和处理技术，同时介绍了提取稀土元素和贵重金属，低能耗的石膏砖等新的应用技术，比较了各种方法的优缺点，提出要尽快开发磷石膏综合利用的新工艺、新方法，早日解决其污染问题。     

沈阳市环境空气质量综合预报系统的设计与建立

介绍了沈阳市环境空气质量数值预报系统的设计和建立,在原有的统计预报系统中增加了天气预报模式方法,最后将两种方法有机的结合起来,形成了沈阳市环境空气质量综合预报系统.     

改进层次分析法与模糊综合评价的耦合模型在水质评价中的应用

对传统的层次分析法进行了改进,利用0.1～0.9五标度建立互补型的模糊判断矩阵,并把和行归一法或方根法与特征向量法结合使用,提出了改进的层次分析法与模糊综合评价的耦合模型,并将该模型应用于吴淞江(苏州段)水环境质量评价中.对评价结果的最大隶属度原则进行了改进,采用加权平均原则对评价结果综合评判与排序.     

南京市可持续发展评价指标体系研究

以南京市为个案，确定了构建南京市可持续发展价指标体系的基本原则，并采用层次分析法，隶属度函数和线性加权法计算各类指标权重以及综合指数，据此评价南京市正向可持续方向发展２０１０年将接近２０年世纪末国际一流大都市水平。